Does 2D-Histologic identification of villous types of human placentas at birth enable sensitive and reliable interpretation of 3D structure?

INTRODUCTION: The villous tree of human placentas is a complex three-dimensional (3D) structure which enables fetomaternal exchange. Current concepts of microscopic analyses are based on the analysis of two-dimensional (2D) histologic sections. For this approach, the assessment of the stromal core of sectioned villi is of key importance. The classification of stromal properties of sectioned villi allows allocation of villous sections to villous types which are named by their expected position in villous trees (terminal, intermediate, and stem villi).
METHOD: The present study takes these current concepts of placental histology as hypothesis and validates them against predetermined 3D positions of branches of villous trees. The 3D positions were determined prior to histologic sectioning using a recently introduced 3D-microscopic approach. Individual histologic sections of villi were classified by their stromal structures and inter rater variability of these histologic assessments were determined. RESULTS/DISSCUSSION: Inter rater variability was high and indicates substantial observer influence on the outcome of histologic assessments. Cross-match of villous types with the predetermined positions of villous branches of villous trees revealed substantial mismatch between the outcome of stromal classification and 3D-position of the sectioned villi in the placental villous trees.