Simultaneous Optogenetic Stimulation of Individual Pharyngeal Neurons and Monitoring of Feeding Behavior in Intact C. elegans.

Optogenetic approaches have proven powerful for examining the role of neural circuits in generating behaviors, especially in systems where electrophysiological manipulation is not possible. Here we describe a method for optogenetically manipulating single pharyngeal neurons in intact C. elegans while monitoring pharyngeal behavior. This approach provides bidirectional and dynamic control of pharyngeal neural activity simultaneously with a behavioral readout and has allowed us to test hypotheses about the roles of individual pharyngeal neurons in regulating feeding behavior.