| Literature DB >> 26398757 |
Gabriel Lima Lopes1, Edoardo Filippo de Queiroz Vattimo2, Gilberto de Castro Junior2.
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Promising new therapies have recently emerged from the development of molecular targeted drugs; particularly promising are those blocking the signal transduction machinery of cancer cells. One of the most widely studied cell signaling pathways is that of EGFR, which leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation, increased cell angiogenesis, and greater cell invasiveness. Activating mutations in the EGFR gene (deletions in exon 19 and mutation L858R in exon 21), first described in 2004, have been detected in approximately 10% of all non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in Western countries and are the most important predictors of a response to EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Studies of the EGFR-TKIs gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib, in comparison with platinum-based regimens, as first-line treatments in chemotherapy-naïve patients have shown that the EGFR-TKIs produce gains in progression-free survival and overall response rates, although only in patients whose tumors harbor activating mutations in the EGFR gene. Clinical trials have also shown EGFR-TKIs to be effective as second- and third-line therapies in advanced NSCLC. Here, we review the main aspects of EGFR pathway activation in NSCLC, underscore the importance of correctly identifying activating mutations in the EGFR gene, and discuss the main outcomes of EGFR-TKI treatment in NSCLC.Entities:
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Year: 2015 PMID: 26398757 PMCID: PMC4635957 DOI: 10.1590/S1806-37132015000004531
Source DB: PubMed Journal: J Bras Pneumol ISSN: 1806-3713 Impact factor: 2.624
Randomized trials of EGFR-TKIs in selected populations rich in activating mutations in the EGFR gene.
| Reference | N | Prevalence of EGFR mutations | TKI | Response rate* | Progression-free survival* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (%) | (median in months) | |||||||||
| (%) | TKI | CT | p | TKI | CT | HR | p | |||
| Mok et al. | 1,217 | 60 | G | 71 | 47 | < 0.001 | 10.0 | 6.0 | 0.48 | < 0.001 |
| Maemondo et al. | 230 | 100 | G | 74 | 31 | < 0.001 | 10.8 | 5.4 | 0.36 | < 0.001 |
| Mitsudomi et al. | 177 | 100 | G | 62 | 32 | < 0.0001 | 9.2 | 6.3 | 0.49 | < 0.0001 |
| Zhou et al. | 165 | 100 | E | 83 | 36 | < 0.0001 | 13.0 | 4.6 | 0.16 | < 0.0001 |
| Rosell et al. | 174 | 100 | E | 58 | 15 | < 0.0001 | 9.7 | 5.2 | 0.37 | < 0.0001 |
| Sequist et al. | 345 | 100 | A | 56 | 23 | 0.001 | 11.1 | 6.9 | 0.58 | 0.001 |
| Wu et al. | 364 | 100 | A | 67 | 23 | < 0.001 | 11.0 | 5.6 | 0.28 | < 0.0001 |
A: afatinib; CT: chemotherapy; E: erlotinib; G: gefitinib; HR: hazard ratio; and TKI: tyrosine-kinase inhibitor. *Among patients with EGFR mutations.
Ensaios randomizados com EGFR-TKI em populações selecionadas ricas em mutações ativadoras do gene EGFR.
| Referência | N | Prevalência de mutações EGFR | TKI | Taxa de resposta* | Sobrevida livre de progressão* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (%) | (mediana em meses) | |||||||||
| (%) | TKI | QT | p | TKI | QT | RR | p | |||
| Mok et al. | 1.217 | 60 | G | 71 | 47 | < 0,001 | 10,0 | 6,0 | 0,48 | < 0,001 |
| Maemondo et al. | 230 | 100 | G | 74 | 31 | < 0,001 | 10,8 | 5,4 | 0,36 | < 0,001 |
| Mitsudomi et al. | 177 | 100 | G | 62 | 32 | < 0,0001 | 9,2 | 6,3 | 0,49 | < 0,0001 |
| Zhou et al. | 165 | 100 | E | 83 | 36 | < 0,0001 | 13,0 | 4,6 | 0,16 | < 0,0001 |
| Rosell et al. | 174 | 100 | E | 58 | 15 | < 0,0001 | 9,7 | 5,2 | 0,37 | < 0,0001 |
| Sequist et al. | 345 | 100 | A | 56 | 23 | 0,001 | 11,1 | 6,9 | 0,58 | 0,001 |
| Wu et al. | 364 | 100 | A | 67 | 23 | < 0,001 | 11,0 | 5,6 | 0,28 | < 0,0001 |
A: afatinibe; QT: quimioterapia; E: erlotinibe; G: gefitinibe; RR: razão de risco; e TKI: tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (inibidor de tirosina quinase). *Em pacientes com mutações EGFR.