K Swaminathan1, K Sethusankar1, G Siva Kumar2, M Bakthadoss2. 1. Department of Physics, RKM Vivekananda College (Autonomous), Chennai 600 004, India. 2. Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
Abstract
The title compounds, C27H20O6, (I) [systematic name: methyl 7-oxo-14-phenyl-1H,7H,14H-pyrano[3,2-c:5,4-c']dichromene-14a(6bH)-carboxyl-ate], C24H22O5, (II) [systematic name: methyl 1-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3,4,12b-tetra-hydro-1H,6H-chromeno[3,4-c]chromene-6a(7H)-carboxyl-ate], and C25H23N3O4, (III) [systematic name: 6-(4-ethyl-phen-yl)-2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxo-2,3,4,12b-tetra-hydro-1H,6H-chromeno[4',3':4,5]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6a(7H)-carbo-nitrile], are pyran-ochromene derivatives. The central pyran rings (B) of compounds (I) and (III) adopt half-chair conformations, whereas that of compound (II) adopts a sofa conformation. The pyran rings (A) of the chromene ring systems of compounds (II) and (III) adopt half-chair conformations, while that of compound (I) adopts a sofa conformation. The mean plane of the central pyran rings (B) make dihedral angles of 70.02 (6), 61.52 (6) and 69.12 (7)°, respectively, with the mean planes of the chromene moieties (C+A) of compounds (I), (II) and (III). The bicyclic coumarin ring system (C+A+B+E) in compound (I) is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.042 Å). The carbo-nitrile side chain in compound (III) is very nearly linear, with the C-C N angle being 176.6 (2)°. The cyclo-hexene ring (E), fused with the central pyran ring (B) in compound (II) adopts a sofa conformation. In the mol-ecular structures of compounds (II) and (III), there are C-H⋯O short contacts, which generate S(7) ring motifs. In the crystal structures of the title compounds, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate mol-ecular sheets parallel to the ab plane, with R 4 (3)(28) loops in (I), inversion dimers with R 2 (2)(10) loops in (II) and chains along [010] with R 2 (2)(12) ring motifs in (III). In the crystal structures of (I) and (III), there are also C-H⋯π inter-actions present, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional framework in (II) and to sheets parallel to (101) in (III).
The title compounds, C27H20O6, (I) [systematic name: methyl 7-oxo-14-phenyl-1H,7H,14H-pyrano[3,2-c:5,4-c']dichromene-14a(6bH)-carboxyl-ate], C24H22O5, (II) [systematic name: methyl 1-oxo-6-phenyl-2,3,4,12b-tetra-hydro-1H,6H-chromeno[3,4-c]chromene-6a(7H)-carboxyl-ate], and C25H23N3O4, (III) [systematic name: 6-(4-ethyl-phen-yl)-2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxo-2,3,4,12b-tetra-hydro-1H,6H-chromeno[4',3':4,5]pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6a(7H)-carbo-nitrile], are pyran-ochromene derivatives. The central pyran rings (B) of compounds (I) and (III) adopt half-chair conformations, whereas that of compound (II) adopts a sofa conformation. The pyran rings (A) of the chromene ring systems of compounds (II) and (III) adopt half-chair conformations, while that of compound (I) adopts a sofa conformation. The mean plane of the central pyran rings (B) make dihedral angles of 70.02 (6), 61.52 (6) and 69.12 (7)°, respectively, with the mean planes of the chromene moieties (C+A) of compounds (I), (II) and (III). The bicyclic coumarin ring system (C+A+B+E) in compound (I) is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.042 Å). The carbo-nitrile side chain in compound (III) is very nearly linear, with the C-C N angle being 176.6 (2)°. The cyclo-hexene ring (E), fused with the central pyran ring (B) in compound (II) adopts a sofa conformation. In the mol-ecular structures of compounds (II) and (III), there are C-H⋯O short contacts, which generate S(7) ring motifs. In the crystal structures of the title compounds, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which generate mol-ecular sheets parallel to the ab plane, with R 4 (3)(28) loops in (I), inversion dimers with R 2 (2)(10) loops in (II) and chains along [010] with R 2 (2)(12) ring motifs in (III). In the crystal structures of (I) and (III), there are also C-H⋯π inter-actions present, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional framework in (II) and to sheets parallel to (101) in (III).
Chromenes, the oxygen-containing heterocyclic scaffolds, represent a privileged structural motif, well distributed in biologically active natural products and also in synthetic compounds used in the fields of medicine, agrochemistry, cosmetics and pigments. A number of drugs containing chromene are used in the treatment of ailments such as hypertension, asthma, ischemia and urinary incontinence. Chromene derivatives are known to possess antitumor, antivascular (Gourdeau et al., 2004 ▸), antimicrobial (Sangani et al., 2012 ▸), anti-oxidant (Mladenović et al., 2011 ▸), antifungal (Thareja et al., 2010 ▸), antiviral (Smith et al., 1998 ▸), anti-inflammatory (Moon et al., 2007 ▸), antimalarial (de Andrade-Neto et al., 2004 ▸), sex hormonal (Mohr et al., 1975 ▸), antiproliferative (Bianchi & Tava, 1987 ▸), anticancer, anti-Alzheimer, anti-Parkinson and Huntington’s diseases (Andrani & Lapi, 1960 ▸; Zhang et al., 1982 ▸), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF–α) inhibitory (Cheng et al., 2003 ▸), estrogenic (Jain et al., 2009 ▸), antifilaricidal (Tripathi et al., 2000 ▸) and anticonvulsant (Bhat et al., 2008 ▸) activities.Chromene derivatives also play an important role in the production of highly effective fluorescent dyes for synthetic fibers, daylight-fluorescent pigments and electrophotographic and electroluminescent devices (Khairy et al., 2009 ▸). Against this background, the title compounds, (I), (II) and (III), were synthesized and we report herein on their crystal structures and molecular conformations.
Structural commentary
The molecular structures of compounds, (I), (II) and (III) are illustrated in Figs. 1 ▸, 2 ▸ and 3 ▸, respectively. All three compounds comprise a central pyran ring (B) fused with a chromene ring system (C+A). The central pyran ring (B) is fused with a second chromene ring system (E+F) in (I), a cyclohexene ring (E) in (II) and a pyrimidine ring (E) in (III); see scheme and Figs. 1 ▸–3 ▸
▸. In compounds (I) and (II), a carboxylate side chain and a benzene ring (D) are attached to the central pyran ring (B), in adjacent positions, whereas in (III) there is a cabonitrile side chain and an ethyl-substituted benzene ring attached to the central pyran ring (B).
Figure 1
The molecular structure of compound (I), showing the atom labelling. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level.
Figure 2
The molecular structure of compound (II), with the atom labelling. The intramolecular C4—H4⋯O3 interaction, which generates an S(7) ring motif, is shown as a dashed line. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level.
Figure 3
The molecular structure of compound (III), with the atom labelling. The intramolecular C4—H4⋯O3 interaction, which generates an S(7) ring motif, is shown as a dashed line. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level.
In compounds (I) and (III), the central pyran rings (B) adopt half-chair conformations with puckering amplitudes Q = 0.5166 (15) Å, θ = 51.22 (17), φ = 259.4 (2)° and Q = 0.486 (2) Å, θ = 128.3 (2), φ = 74.5 (3)°, respectively. In compound (II), the central pyran ring (B) adopts a sofa conformation [Q = 0.5614 (15) Å, θ = 58.41 (15), φ = 286.21 (16)°]. The cyclohexene ring (E) fused to the central pyran ring (B) in compound (II), adopts a sofa conformation [Q = 0.497 (2) Å, θ = 109.8 (2), φ = 5.9 (2)°]. The pyran ring (A) of the chromene moiety adopts a half-chair conformation in compounds (II) and (III) [Q = 0.4850 (14) Å, θ = 53.26 (17), φ = 271.70 (19)° and Q = 0.507 (2) Å, θ = 128.9 (2), φ = 92.7 (3)°, respectively] and a sofa conformation in compound (I) [Q = 0.5130 (16) Å, θ = 57.83 (18), φ = 234.6 (2)°].In compound (I), the dihedral angle between the benzene ring (C) and the mean plane of the pyran ring (A – sofa conformation) of the chromene moiety is 14.95 (8)°, whereas in (II) and (III) the same angles are 7.83 (7) and 6.42 (10)°, respectively (the A rings here have half-chair conformations). The decrease in the value of the dihedral angle in compounds (II) and (III) is probably due to the intramolecular C—H⋯O short contacts which generate S(7) ring motifs. The second coumarin ring system (E+F) is almost planar with the dihedral angle between the pyran and benzene rings being 3.73 (7)°. Atom O4 deviates from the mean plane of this coumarin ring system by 0.111 (1) Å. The phenyl ring (D) is inclined to the mean plane of the central pyran ring (B), by 60.48 (8)°.In compound (II), the mean plane of the central pyran ring (B) makes dihedral angles of 22.63 (8) and 56.99 (9)° with the mean plane of the six-membered carbocylic ring (E) and the phenyl ring (D), respectively. Atom O3 deviates from the mean plane of ring (E) by 0.199 (1) Å.In compound (III), the central pyran ring (B) makes dihedral angles of 7.36 (9) and 58.24 (10)° with the pyrimidine (E) and ethyl-substituted benzene (D) rings, respectively. Atom O3 and the methyl group C atom, C16, deviate significantly from the mean plane of the pyrimidine ring (E) by 0.106 (1) and −0.107 (2) Å, respectively.
Supramolecular features
In compound (I), C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are present in which the carboxylate and chromene ring C atoms, C27 and C1, respectively, act as donors and the coumarin ring O atom, O4, acts as a single acceptor (Table 1 ▸). These hydrogen bonds link the molecules into (28) ring motifs, resulting in the formation of sheets parallel to the ab plane (Fig. 4 ▸). The sheets are linked by C—H⋯π interactions, forming a three-dimensional framework (Table 1 ▸).
Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for (I)
Cg1 and Cg2 are the centroids of rings C14–C19 and C1–C6, respectively.
D—H⋯A
D—H
H⋯A
D⋯A
D—H⋯A
C1—H1⋯O4i
0.93
2.58
3.411 (2)
149
C27—H27C⋯O4ii
0.96
2.37
3.053 (2)
128
C12—H12⋯Cg1iii
0.98
2.73
3.6861 (17)
166
C18—H18⋯Cg2iv
0.93
2.84
3.674 (2)
150
Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) .
Figure 4
The crystal packing of compound (I), viewed along the c axis, showing the formation of two-dimensional molecular sheets running parallel to the ab plane. Dashed lines indicate the intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions (Table 1 ▸). H atoms not involved in hydrogen bonding have been excluded for clarity.
In compound (II), molecules are linked through pairs of C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of inversion dimers with graph-set motif (10) (Table 2 ▸ and Fig. 5 ▸).
Table 2
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for (II)
D—H⋯A
D—H
H⋯A
D⋯A
D—H⋯A
C4—H4⋯O3
0.93
2.22
2.973 (2)
138
C12—H12⋯O4i
0.98
2.41
3.3613 (18)
164
Symmetry code: (i) .
Figure 5
The crystal packing of the title compound (II), viewed along the a axis, showing the formation of inversion dimers with the descriptor (10). Dashed lines indicate the intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions (Table 2 ▸). H atoms not involved in hydrogen bonding have been excluded for clarity.
In compound (III), molecules are linked through C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation chains along the b-axis direction, enclosing (12) ring motifs (Fig. 6 ▸). The chains are linked by C—H⋯π interactions, forming sheets parallel to (101) (Table 3 ▸).
Figure 6
The crystal packing of the title compound (III), viewed along the a axis, showing the formation of adjacent (12) ring motifs which connect the inversion-related molecules into chains along [010]. Dashed lines indicate the intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions (Table 3 ▸). H atoms not involved in hydrogen bonding have been excluded for clarity.
Table 3
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for (III)
Cg1 and Cg2 are the centroids of rings C14–C19 and C1–C6, respectively.
D—H⋯A
D—H
H⋯A
D⋯A
D—H⋯A
C4—H4⋯O3
0.93
2.39
3.155 (3)
139
C7—H7B⋯O4i
0.97
2.52
3.423 (3)
156
C15—H15A⋯O3ii
0.96
2.50
3.315 (3)
143
C16—H16C⋯Cg1iii
0.96
2.93
3.739 (2)
143
C24—H24A⋯Cg2iv
0.96
2.70
3.634 (3)
164
Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) .
Database survey
A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.36, last update February 2015; Groom & Allen, 2014 ▸) for 4,4a,5,10b-tetrahydro-4-phenylpyrano[3,4-c]chromene yielded 14 hits. The bond distances and bond angles in compounds (I)–(III) are in agreement with those in the reported structures. For example: compounds (I) and (II) exhibits structural similarities with entries LESWIR (Ponnusamy et al., 2013 ▸) which has a toluene rather than a phenyl substituent on ring (B), OLEZIP (Kathiravan & Raghunathan, 2010 ▸) which has a 4-methoxyphenyl substituent, and AZUKIQ (Swaminathan et al., 2011 ▸) which has a 2-chlorophenyl substituent. Compound (III) is similar to entries WUNNAV (Bakthadoss et al., 2009 ▸), AXACAE (Kanchanadevi et al., 2011 ▸) and WUNNEZ (Bakthadoss et al., 2009 ▸), but only the last compound also has a cabonitrile side chain.
Synthesis and crystallization
Compound (I): A mixture of (E)-methyl 2-[(2-formylphenoxy)methyl]-3-phenylacrylate (0.296 g, 1 mmol) and 4-hydroxy-2H -chromen-2-one (0.162 g, 1 mmol) was placed in a round bottom flask and heated at 453 K for 1 h. After completion of the reaction as indicated by TLC, the crude product was washed with 5 ml of ethylacetate and hexane mixture (1:49 ratio) which successfully provided compound (I) as a colourless solid. Single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were prepared by slow evaporation of a solution of (I) in ethylacetate at room temperature.Compound (II): A mixture of (E)-methyl 2-[(2-formylphenoxy)methyl]-3-phenylacrylate (0.296 g, 1 mmol) and cyclohexane-1,3-dione (0.112 g, 1 mmol) was placed in a round bottom flask and heated at 453 K for 1 h. After completion of the reaction as indicated by TLC, the crude product was washed with 5 ml of ethylacetate and hexane mixture (1:49 ratio) which successfully provided the crude product of compound (II) as a colourless solid. Single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were prepared by slow evaporation of a solution of (II) in ethylacetate at room temperature.Compound (III): A mixture of (E)-2-[(2-formylphenoxy)methyl]-3-(4-ethylphenyl)acrylonitrile (0.291 g, 1 mmol) and 1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (0.156 g, 1 mmol) was placed in a round-bottom flask and heated at 453 K for 1 h. After completion of the reaction as indicated by TLC, the crude product was washed with 5 ml of ethylacetate and hexane mixture (1:49 ratio) which successfully provided pure compound (III) as a colourless solid. Single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction were prepared by slow evaporation of a solution of (III) in ethylacetate at room temperature.
Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details for compounds (I), (II) and (III) are summarized in Table 4 ▸. The positions of all of the H atoms were located in difference electron density maps. During refinement they were treated as riding atoms, with d(C—H) = 0.93, 0.96, 0.97 and 0.98 Å for aryl, methyl, methylene and methine H atoms, respectively, and with U
iso(H)= 1.5U
eq(C) for methyl H atoms and 1.2U
eq(C) for other H atoms.
Table 4
Experimental details
(I)
(II)
(III)
Crystal data
Chemical formula
C27H20O6
C24H22O5
C25H23N3O4
Mr
440.43
390.42
429.46
Crystal system, space group
Monoclinic, P21/c
Monoclinic, P21/c
Monoclinic, P21/n
Temperature (K)
296
296
296
a, b, c (Å)
9.3980 (15), 14.0050 (12), 15.9890 (13)
11.1694 (10), 20.1405 (19), 8.5835 (7)
11.4471 (5), 11.2076 (4), 16.5407 (7)
β (°)
92.048 (5)
96.453 (3)
91.990 (2)
V (Å3)
2103.1 (4)
1918.7 (3)
2120.80 (15)
Z
4
4
4
Radiation type
Mo Kα
Mo Kα
Mo Kα
μ (mm−1)
0.10
0.09
0.09
Crystal size (mm)
0.35 × 0.30 × 0.25
0.35 × 0.30 × 0.25
0.35 × 0.30 × 0.25
Data collection
Diffractometer
Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD
Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD
Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD
Absorption correction
Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008 ▸)
Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008 ▸)
Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2008 ▸)
Tmin, Tmax
0.966, 0.976
0.968, 0.977
0.968, 0.977
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
19091, 3698, 2964
23342, 5466, 3694
18281, 3715, 2814
Rint
0.027
0.033
0.030
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1)
0.595
0.699
0.595
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S
0.037, 0.106, 1.07
0.047, 0.155, 0.99
0.044, 0.126, 1.03
No. of reflections
3698
5466
3715
No. of parameters
299
263
292
H-atom treatment
H-atom parameters constrained
H-atom parameters constrained
H-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)
0.15, −0.20
0.26, −0.22
0.33, −0.28
Computer programs: APEX2 and SAINT (Bruker, 2008 ▸), SHELXS97 and SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012 ▸), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008 ▸) and PLATON (Spek, 2009 ▸).
Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I, II, III, global. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015012967/su5160sup1.cifStructure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015012967/su5160Isup2.hklStructure factors: contains datablock(s) II. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015012967/su5160IIsup3.hklStructure factors: contains datablock(s) III. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015012967/su5160IIIsup4.hklClick here for additional data file.Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015012967/su5160Isup5.cmlClick here for additional data file.Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015012967/su5160IIsup6.cmlClick here for additional data file.Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989015012967/su5160IIIsup7.cmlCCDC references: 1410607, 1410606, 1410605Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: full
Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037
Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.106
H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.07
w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0556P)2 + 0.3545P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
3698 reflections
(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
299 parameters
Δρmax = 0.15 e Å−3
0 restraints
Δρmin = −0.20 e Å−3
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes)
are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken
into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles
and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only
used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic)
treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s.
planes.
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor
wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional
R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for
negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 >
σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc.
and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement.
R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large
as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be
even larger.
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: full
Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.047
Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.155
H-atom parameters constrained
S = 0.99
w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0894P)2 + 0.1805P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
5466 reflections
(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
263 parameters
Δρmax = 0.26 e Å−3
0 restraints
Δρmin = −0.22 e Å−3
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes)
are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken
into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles
and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only
used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic)
treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s.
planes.
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor
wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional
R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for
negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 >
σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc.
and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement.
R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large
as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be
even larger.
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: full
Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.044
Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.126
H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.03
w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0576P)2 + 0.8627P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
3715 reflections
(Δ/σ)max = 0.007
292 parameters
Δρmax = 0.33 e Å−3
0 restraints
Δρmin = −0.28 e Å−3
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes)
are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken
into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles
and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only
used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic)
treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s.
planes.
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor
wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional
R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for
negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 >
σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc.
and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement.
R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large
as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be
even larger.