Conservation of chain reversal regions in proteins.

Using the bend frequencies based on 29 proteins in the previous paper (Chou and Fasman, 1979), beta-turn probability profiles were calculated for the C-peptides of 10 mammalian proinsulins, for 7 proteinase inhibitors, and for 12 species of pancreatic ribonucleases. Beta-turn correlation coefficient matrix tables were also computed to obtain the statistical mean between 45 pairs of proinsulin C-peptides, less than Ct greater than = 0.57 +/- 0.31; 21 pairs of proteinase inhibitors, less than Ct greater than = 0.73 +/- 0.13; and 66 pairs of ribonucleases, less than Ct greater than = 0.83 +/- 0.08. Despite relatively low sequence conservation in these three sets of proteins, beta-turns were predicted to be highly conserved: 33% sequence vs. 78% bend for the proinsulins, 20% sequence vs. 85% bend for the proteinase inhibitors, and 65% sequence vs. 92% bend for the ribonucleases. These results suggest that chain reversal regions play an essential role in keeping the active structural domains in hormones and enzymes intact for their specific biological function.