Ashley E Mason1, Barbara Laraia2, Jennifer Daubenmier3, Frederick M Hecht3, Robert H Lustig4, Eli Puterman5, Nancy Adler5, Mary Dallman5, Michaela Kiernan6, Ashley N Gearhardt7, Elissa S Epel8. 1. University of California, San Francisco, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, United States. Electronic address: Ashley.Mason@UCSF.edu. 2. University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, United States. 3. University of California, San Francisco, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, United States. 4. University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics, United States. 5. University of California, San Francisco, Center for Health and Community, United States. 6. Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, United States. 7. University of Michigan, Department of Psychology, United States. 8. University of California, San Francisco, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, United States; University of California, San Francisco, Center for Health and Community, United States.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Obese individuals vary in their experience of food cravings and tendency to engage in reward-driven eating, both of which can be modulated by the neural reward system rather than physiological hunger. We examined two predictions in a sample of obese women: (1) whether opioidergic blockade reduced food-craving intensity, and (2) whether opioidergic blockade reduced an association between food-craving intensity and reward-driven eating, which is a trait-like index of three factors (lack of control over eating, lack of satiation, preoccupation with food). METHODS:Forty-four obese, pre-menopausal women completed theReward-Based Eating Drive (RED) scale at study start and daily food-craving intensity on 5 days on which they ingested either a pill-placebo (2 days), a 25 mg naltrexone dose (1 day), or a standard 50mg naltrexone dose (2 days). RESULTS:Craving intensity was similar under naltrexone and placebo doses. The association between food-craving intensity and reward-driven eating significantly differed between placebo and 50mg naltrexone doses. Reward-driven eating and craving intensity were significantly positively associated under both placebo doses. As predicted, opioidergic blockade (for both doses 25mg and 50mg naltrexone) reduced the positive association between reward-driven eating and craving intensity to non-significance. CONCLUSIONS: Opioidergic blockade did not reduce craving intensity; however, blockade reduced an association between trait-like reward-driven eating and daily food-craving intensity, and may help identify an important endophenotype within obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE:Obese individuals vary in their experience of food cravings and tendency to engage in reward-driven eating, both of which can be modulated by the neural reward system rather than physiological hunger. We examined two predictions in a sample of obesewomen: (1) whether opioidergic blockade reduced food-craving intensity, and (2) whether opioidergic blockade reduced an association between food-craving intensity and reward-driven eating, which is a trait-like index of three factors (lack of control over eating, lack of satiation, preoccupation with food). METHODS: Forty-four obese, pre-menopausal women completed the Reward-Based Eating Drive (RED) scale at study start and daily food-craving intensity on 5 days on which they ingested either a pill-placebo (2 days), a 25 mg naltrexone dose (1 day), or a standard 50mg naltrexone dose (2 days). RESULTS: Craving intensity was similar under naltrexone and placebo doses. The association between food-craving intensity and reward-driven eating significantly differed between placebo and 50mg naltrexone doses. Reward-driven eating and craving intensity were significantly positively associated under both placebo doses. As predicted, opioidergic blockade (for both doses 25mg and 50mg naltrexone) reduced the positive association between reward-driven eating and craving intensity to non-significance. CONCLUSIONS: Opioidergic blockade did not reduce craving intensity; however, blockade reduced an association between trait-like reward-driven eating and daily food-craving intensity, and may help identify an important endophenotype within obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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