Brian C Ferslew1,2, Guoxiang Xie3, Curtis K Johnston4, Mingming Su5, Paul W Stewart6, Wei Jia7, Kim L R Brouwer8, A Sidney Barritt9. 1. Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kerr Hall, CB #7569, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. bferslew@theravance.com. 2. Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Theravance Biopharma US, Inc., 901 Gateway Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA. bferslew@theravance.com. 3. Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA. GXie@cc.hawaii.edu. 4. Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kerr Hall, CB #7569, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. curtis.k.johnston@gmail.com. 5. Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA. MSu@cc.hawaii.edu. 6. Department of Biostatistics, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 3105G McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. Paul_Stewart@unc.edu. 7. Metabolomics Shared Resource, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA. WJia@cc.hawaii.edu. 8. Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kerr Hall, CB #7569, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. kbrouwer@unc.edu. 9. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 8004 Burnett Womack, CB #7584, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7584, USA. sid_barritt@med.unc.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing at an alarming rate. The role of bile acids in the development and progression of NAFLD to NASH and cirrhosis is poorly understood. This study aimed to quantify the bile acid metabolome in healthy subjects and patients with non-cirrhotic NASH under fasting conditions and after a standardized meal. METHODS: Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy was used to quantify 30 serum and 16 urinary bile acids from 15 healthy volunteers and 7 patients with biopsy-confirmed NASH. Bile acid concentrations were measured at two fasting and four post-prandial time points following a high-fat meal to induce gallbladder contraction and bile acid reabsorption from the intestine. RESULTS: Patients with NASH had significantly higher total serum bile acid concentrations than healthy subjects under fasting conditions (2.2- to 2.4-fold increase in NASH; NASH 2595-3549 µM and healthy 1171-1458 µM) and at all post-prandial time points (1.7- to 2.2-fold increase in NASH; NASH 4444-5898 µM and healthy 2634-2829 µM). These changes were driven by increased taurine- and glycine-conjugated primary and secondary bile acids. Patients with NASH exhibited greater variability in their fasting and post-prandial bile acid profile. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that patients with NASH have higher fasting and post-prandial exposure to bile acids, including the more hydrophobic and cytotoxic secondary species. Increased bile acid exposure may be involved in liver injury and the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing at an alarming rate. The role of bile acids in the development and progression of NAFLD to NASH and cirrhosis is poorly understood. This study aimed to quantify the bile acid metabolome in healthy subjects and patients with non-cirrhotic NASH under fasting conditions and after a standardized meal. METHODS: Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy was used to quantify 30 serum and 16 urinary bile acids from 15 healthy volunteers and 7 patients with biopsy-confirmed NASH. Bile acid concentrations were measured at two fasting and four post-prandial time points following a high-fat meal to induce gallbladder contraction and bile acid reabsorption from the intestine. RESULTS:Patients with NASH had significantly higher total serum bile acid concentrations than healthy subjects under fasting conditions (2.2- to 2.4-fold increase in NASH; NASH 2595-3549 µM and healthy 1171-1458 µM) and at all post-prandial time points (1.7- to 2.2-fold increase in NASH; NASH 4444-5898 µM and healthy 2634-2829 µM). These changes were driven by increased taurine- and glycine-conjugated primary and secondary bile acids. Patients with NASH exhibited greater variability in their fasting and post-prandial bile acid profile. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that patients with NASH have higher fasting and post-prandial exposure to bile acids, including the more hydrophobic and cytotoxic secondary species. Increased bile acid exposure may be involved in liver injury and the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH.
Entities:
Keywords:
Bile acid metabolome; Bile acids; Enterohepatic recirculation; Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
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