Maryam Correa1, David G Laing2,3, Ian Hutchinson1, Anthony L Jinks4, Jessica E Armstrong5, Gad Kainer5,6. 1. Children's Food Research and Education Unit, Centre for Advanced Food Research, College of Science, Technology and Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, NSW, 1797, Australia. 2. Children's Food Research and Education Unit, Centre for Advanced Food Research, College of Science, Technology and Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, NSW, 1797, Australia. d.laing@unsw.edu.au. 3. School of Women's and Children's Health, Medicine, University of NSW, Level 3 Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia. d.laing@unsw.edu.au. 4. School of Psychology and Social Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, 1797, NSW, Australia. 5. School of Women's and Children's Health, Medicine, University of NSW, Level 3 Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia. 6. Department of Nephrology, Sydney Children's Hospital, High Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Taste loss may contribute to the loss of appetite in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other serious medical conditions that result in malnutrition. Traditional methods for measurement of taste loss commonly use aqueous tastant solutions that can induce nausea, vomiting, or even pain in the mouth. An alternative is to measure fungiform papillae density on the anterior tongue since this correlates with taste sensitivity. Here we aimed to develop a non-invasive method for assessing papillae density on the anterior tongue and to use the method to determine if CKD patients [estimated glomerular filtrate (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2))] have a lower density than clinical controls (CC)(eGFR > 89 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). METHODS: Thirty-five healthy adults participated in the development of a method, which was assessed by 24 children, 12 of whom were CKD patients and 12 were clinical controls. RESULTS: Similar papillae densities were found using invasive and non-invasive methods (F(1,34) = 0.647, p = 0.427). The CKD group had a significantly lower papillae density (X(2) = 7.17, p = 0.007) and poorer taste sensitivity than the CC group (p = 0.0272), and the density correlated significantly with eGFR (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Loss of taste in children with CKD is due to the reduced number of papillae and their taste-sensing receptor cells.
BACKGROUND:Taste loss may contribute to the loss of appetite in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other serious medical conditions that result in malnutrition. Traditional methods for measurement of taste loss commonly use aqueous tastant solutions that can induce nausea, vomiting, or even pain in the mouth. An alternative is to measure fungiform papillae density on the anterior tongue since this correlates with taste sensitivity. Here we aimed to develop a non-invasive method for assessing papillae density on the anterior tongue and to use the method to determine if CKDpatients [estimated glomerular filtrate (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2))] have a lower density than clinical controls (CC)(eGFR > 89 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). METHODS: Thirty-five healthy adults participated in the development of a method, which was assessed by 24 children, 12 of whom were CKDpatients and 12 were clinical controls. RESULTS: Similar papillae densities were found using invasive and non-invasive methods (F(1,34) = 0.647, p = 0.427). The CKD group had a significantly lower papillae density (X(2) = 7.17, p = 0.007) and poorer taste sensitivity than the CC group (p = 0.0272), and the density correlated significantly with eGFR (r = 0.56, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Loss of taste in children with CKD is due to the reduced number of papillae and their taste-sensing receptor cells.
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