Rainer H Straub1, Maurizio Cutolo2, Roberto Pacifici3. 1. Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany. Electronic address: rainer.straub@ukr.de. 2. Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genova, Genova, Italy. 3. Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Bone loss is typical in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, pemphigus vulgaris, and others. It is also typical in transplantation-related inflammation and during the process of aging. While we recognized that bone loss is tightly linked to immune system activation or inflamm-aging in the form of acute, chronic active, or chronic smoldering inflammation, bone loss is typically discussed to be an "accident of inflammation." METHODS: Extensive literature search in PubMed central. RESULTS: Using elements of evolutionary medicine, energy regulation, and neuroendocrine regulation of homeostasis and immune function, we work out that bone waste is an adaptive, evolutionarily positively selected program that is absolutely necessary during acute inflammation. However, when acute inflammation enters a chronic state due to the inability to terminate inflammation (e.g., in autoimmunity or in continuous immunity against microbes), the acute program of bone loss is a misguided adaptive program. CONCLUSIONS: The article highlights the complexity of interwoven pathways of osteopenia.
OBJECTIVE:Bone loss is typical in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, pemphigus vulgaris, and others. It is also typical in transplantation-related inflammation and during the process of aging. While we recognized that bone loss is tightly linked to immune system activation or inflamm-aging in the form of acute, chronic active, or chronic smoldering inflammation, bone loss is typically discussed to be an "accident of inflammation." METHODS: Extensive literature search in PubMed central. RESULTS: Using elements of evolutionary medicine, energy regulation, and neuroendocrine regulation of homeostasis and immune function, we work out that bone waste is an adaptive, evolutionarily positively selected program that is absolutely necessary during acute inflammation. However, when acute inflammation enters a chronic state due to the inability to terminate inflammation (e.g., in autoimmunity or in continuous immunity against microbes), the acute program of bone loss is a misguided adaptive program. CONCLUSIONS: The article highlights the complexity of interwoven pathways of osteopenia.
Authors: Georg Schett; Stefan Kiechl; Siegfried Weger; Angelo Pederiva; Agnes Mayr; Manuele Petrangeli; Friedrich Oberhollenzer; Rolando Lorenzini; Kurt Redlich; Roland Axmann; Jochen Zwerina; Johann Willeit Journal: Arch Intern Med Date: 2006 Dec 11-25
Authors: Susanne Roser-Page; Tatyana Vikulina; Daiana Weiss; Mark M Habib; George R Beck; Roberto Pacifici; Timothy F Lane; M Neale Weitzmann Journal: Ann N Y Acad Sci Date: 2018-03-03 Impact factor: 5.691
Authors: David Furman; Judith Campisi; Eric Verdin; Pedro Carrera-Bastos; Sasha Targ; Claudio Franceschi; Luigi Ferrucci; Derek W Gilroy; Alessio Fasano; Gary W Miller; Andrew H Miller; Alberto Mantovani; Cornelia M Weyand; Nir Barzilai; Jorg J Goronzy; Thomas A Rando; Rita B Effros; Alejandro Lucia; Nicole Kleinstreuer; George M Slavich Journal: Nat Med Date: 2019-12-05 Impact factor: 53.440