Carlotta Galeone1, Federica Turati1, Zuo-Feng Zhang2, Valentina Guercio3, Alessandra Tavani1, Diego Serraino4, Paul Brennan5, Eleonora Fabianova6, Jola Lissowska7, Dana Mates8, Peter Rudnai9, Oxana Shangina10, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska11, Thomas L Vaughan12, Karl Kelsey13, Michael McClean14, Fabio Levi15, Richard B Hayes16, Mark P Purdue17, Cristina Bosetti1, Hermann Brenner18,19, Claudio Pelucchi1, Yuan-Chin Amy Lee20, Mia Hashibe21, Paolo Boffetta22, Carlo La Vecchia3. 1. Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. 2. UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA. 3. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. 4. Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy. 5. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. 6. Regional Authority of Public Health in BanskaBystrica, Slovakia. 7. The M. Skasodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Warsaw, Poland. 8. National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania. 9. National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary. 10. Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russia. 11. Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland. 12. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA. 13. Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. 14. Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA. 15. Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Institut Universitaire de Médecine Sociale et Préventive (IUMSP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 16. Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Heath, NYU School Of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. 17. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. 18. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, Heidelberg, Germany. 19. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany. 20. Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. 21. Department of Family & Preventive Medicine and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. 22. The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute of Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
SCOPE: Only a few studies analyzed the role of allium vegetables with reference to head and neck cancers (HNC), with mixed results. We investigated the potential favorable role of garlic and onion within the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed pooled individual-level data from eight case-control studies, including 4590 cases and 7082 controls. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between garlic and onion intakes and HNC risk. Compared with no or low garlic use, the ORs of HNC were 0.95 (95% CI 0.71-1.27) for intermediate and 0.74 (95% CI 0.55-0.99) for high garlic use (p for trend = 0.02). The ORs of HNC for increasing categories of onion intake were 0.91 (95% CI 0.68-1.21) for >1 to ≤3 portions per week, and 0.83 (95% CI 0.60-1.13) for >3 portions per week (p for trend = 0.02), as compared to <1 portion per week. We found an inverse association between high onion intake and laryngeal cancer risk (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.54-0.88), but no significant association for other subsites. CONCLUSION: The results of this pooled-analysis support a possible moderate inverse association between garlic and onion intake and HNC risk.
SCOPE: Only a few studies analyzed the role of allium vegetables with reference to head and neck cancers (HNC), with mixed results. We investigated the potential favorable role of garlic and onion within the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed pooled individual-level data from eight case-control studies, including 4590 cases and 7082 controls. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between garlic and onion intakes and HNC risk. Compared with no or low garlic use, the ORs of HNC were 0.95 (95% CI 0.71-1.27) for intermediate and 0.74 (95% CI 0.55-0.99) for high garlic use (p for trend = 0.02). The ORs of HNC for increasing categories of onion intake were 0.91 (95% CI 0.68-1.21) for >1 to ≤3 portions per week, and 0.83 (95% CI 0.60-1.13) for >3 portions per week (p for trend = 0.02), as compared to <1 portion per week. We found an inverse association between high onion intake and laryngeal cancer risk (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.54-0.88), but no significant association for other subsites. CONCLUSION: The results of this pooled-analysis support a possible moderate inverse association between garlic and onion intake and HNC risk.
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