Roshan Chudal1, Petteri Joelsson2, David Gyllenberg3, Venla Lehti2, Susanna Leivonen4, Susanna Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki2, Mika Gissler5, Andre Sourander6. 1. University of Turku, Finland. Electronic address: roschu@utu.fi. 2. University of Turku, Finland. 3. University of Turku, Finland; Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York. 4. University of Turku, Finland; Pediatric Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital. 5. University of Turku, Finland; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden, and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki. 6. University of Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Finland and RKBU, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: An increasing number of studies has shown an association between parental age and psychiatric disorders. However, there are inconsistent results regarding whether age at parenthood is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study is to examine whether low or advanced parental age is associated with ADHD. METHOD: In this nested case-control study, we identified 10,409 individuals with ADHD born in Finland during 1991 to 2005 and diagnosed with ADHD between 1995 and 2011, along with 39,125 controls matched on sex, date, and place of birth, from nationwide population-based registers. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association between parental age and ADHD in offspring, adjusting for potential confounding due to parental psychiatric history, maternal socioeconomic status, marital status, maternal smoking during pregnancy, number of previous births, and birth weight for gestational age. RESULTS: Fathers younger than 20 years had a 1.5-fold (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.11-2.18, p = .01) increased risk of having offspring with ADHD as compared to fathers aged 25 to 29 years. Mothers of the same age group had a 1.4-fold (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.15-1.72, p =.0009) increased risk. Advanced maternal age was inversely associated with ADHD (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64-0.97, p = .02). CONCLUSION: ADHD was associated with young fathers or mothers at the time of birth. Health professionals working with young parents should be aware of the increased risk of ADHD in offspring. This will improve early detection; however, for the development of preventive measures and appropriate interventions, more information on the developmental pathways is needed.
OBJECTIVE: An increasing number of studies has shown an association between parental age and psychiatric disorders. However, there are inconsistent results regarding whether age at parenthood is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study is to examine whether low or advanced parental age is associated with ADHD. METHOD: In this nested case-control study, we identified 10,409 individuals with ADHD born in Finland during 1991 to 2005 and diagnosed with ADHD between 1995 and 2011, along with 39,125 controls matched on sex, date, and place of birth, from nationwide population-based registers. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the association between parental age and ADHD in offspring, adjusting for potential confounding due to parental psychiatric history, maternal socioeconomic status, marital status, maternal smoking during pregnancy, number of previous births, and birth weight for gestational age. RESULTS: Fathers younger than 20 years had a 1.5-fold (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.11-2.18, p = .01) increased risk of having offspring with ADHD as compared to fathers aged 25 to 29 years. Mothers of the same age group had a 1.4-fold (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.15-1.72, p =.0009) increased risk. Advanced maternal age was inversely associated with ADHD (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64-0.97, p = .02). CONCLUSION:ADHD was associated with young fathers or mothers at the time of birth. Health professionals working with young parents should be aware of the increased risk of ADHD in offspring. This will improve early detection; however, for the development of preventive measures and appropriate interventions, more information on the developmental pathways is needed.
Authors: Alison K Merikangas; Monica E Calkins; Warren B Bilker; Tyler M Moore; Ruben C Gur; Raquel E Gur Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2017-03-06 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Ditte Demontis; Raymond K Walters; Joanna Martin; Manuel Mattheisen; Thomas D Als; Esben Agerbo; Gísli Baldursson; Rich Belliveau; Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm; Marie Bækvad-Hansen; Felecia Cerrato; Kimberly Chambert; Claire Churchhouse; Ashley Dumont; Nicholas Eriksson; Michael Gandal; Jacqueline I Goldstein; Katrina L Grasby; Jakob Grove; Olafur O Gudmundsson; Christine S Hansen; Mads Engel Hauberg; Mads V Hollegaard; Daniel P Howrigan; Hailiang Huang; Julian B Maller; Alicia R Martin; Nicholas G Martin; Jennifer Moran; Jonatan Pallesen; Duncan S Palmer; Carsten Bøcker Pedersen; Marianne Giørtz Pedersen; Timothy Poterba; Jesper Buchhave Poulsen; Stephan Ripke; Elise B Robinson; F Kyle Satterstrom; Hreinn Stefansson; Christine Stevens; Patrick Turley; G Bragi Walters; Hyejung Won; Margaret J Wright; Ole A Andreassen; Philip Asherson; Christie L Burton; Dorret I Boomsma; Bru Cormand; Søren Dalsgaard; Barbara Franke; Joel Gelernter; Daniel Geschwind; Hakon Hakonarson; Jan Haavik; Henry R Kranzler; Jonna Kuntsi; Kate Langley; Klaus-Peter Lesch; Christel Middeldorp; Andreas Reif; Luis Augusto Rohde; Panos Roussos; Russell Schachar; Pamela Sklar; Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke; Patrick F Sullivan; Anita Thapar; Joyce Y Tung; Irwin D Waldman; Sarah E Medland; Kari Stefansson; Merete Nordentoft; David M Hougaard; Thomas Werge; Ole Mors; Preben Bo Mortensen; Mark J Daly; Stephen V Faraone; Anders D Børglum; Benjamin M Neale Journal: Nat Genet Date: 2018-11-26 Impact factor: 38.330
Authors: Minna Sucksdorff; Alan S Brown; Roshan Chudal; Heljä-Marja Surcel; Susanna Hinkka-Yli-Salomäki; Keely Cheslack-Postava; David Gyllenberg; Andre Sourander Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2019-12-19 Impact factor: 8.829