Advances in stroke prevention.

Stroke remains to be a leading cause of disability. However, optimal strategies can prevent up to 80% of strokes. A large body of evidence supports many strategies for primary and secondary prevention of stroke. The purpose of this paper is to highlight recent major advances for management of modifiable medical and behavioral risk factors of stroke. Specific studies are highlighted, including those related to atrial fibrillation (AF), hypertension, revascularization, hyperlipidemia, antiplatelets, smoking, diet, and physical activity. Effective strategies include the use of novel oral anticoagulants for AF, antiplatelet therapy, and intensive lowering of atherosclerosis risk factors.