Michael E Wren1, Elizabeth A Shirtcliff2, Stacy S Drury3. 1. Neuroscience Graduate Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. 2. Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. 3. Neuroscience Graduate Program, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana. Electronic address: sdrury@tulane.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: This article describes progress to date in the characterization of the salivary epigenome and considers the importance of previous work in the salivary microbiome, proteome, endocrine analytes, genome, and transcriptome. METHODS: PubMed and Web of Science were used to extensively search the existing literature (original research and reviews) related to salivary diagnostics and biomarker development, of which 125 studies were examined. This article was derived from the most relevant 74 sources highlighting the recent state of the evolving field of salivary epigenomics and contributing significantly to the foundational work in saliva-based research. FINDINGS: Validation of any new saliva-based diagnostic or analyte will require comparison to previously accepted standards established in blood. Careful attention to the collection, processing, and analysis of salivary analytes is critical for the development and implementation of newer applications that include genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic markers. All these factors must be integrated into initial study design. IMPLICATIONS: This commentary highlights the appeal of the salivary epigenome for translational applications and its utility in future studies of development and the interface among environment, disease, and health.
PURPOSE: This article describes progress to date in the characterization of the salivary epigenome and considers the importance of previous work in the salivary microbiome, proteome, endocrine analytes, genome, and transcriptome. METHODS: PubMed and Web of Science were used to extensively search the existing literature (original research and reviews) related to salivary diagnostics and biomarker development, of which 125 studies were examined. This article was derived from the most relevant 74 sources highlighting the recent state of the evolving field of salivary epigenomics and contributing significantly to the foundational work in saliva-based research. FINDINGS: Validation of any new saliva-based diagnostic or analyte will require comparison to previously accepted standards established in blood. Careful attention to the collection, processing, and analysis of salivary analytes is critical for the development and implementation of newer applications that include genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic markers. All these factors must be integrated into initial study design. IMPLICATIONS: This commentary highlights the appeal of the salivary epigenome for translational applications and its utility in future studies of development and the interface among environment, disease, and health.
Authors: Patricia Del Vigna de Almeida; Ana Maria Trindade Grégio; Maria Angela Naval Machado; Antonio Adilson Soares de Lima; Luciana Reis Azevedo Journal: J Contemp Dent Pract Date: 2008-03-01
Authors: Rashida Pramanik; Hayley Thompson; James O Kistler; William G Wade; John Galloway; Tim Peakman; Gordon B Proctor Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2012-11-12 Impact factor: 7.196
Authors: Colter Mitchell; John Hobcraft; Sara S McLanahan; Susan Rutherford Siegel; Arthur Berg; Jeanne Brooks-Gunn; Irwin Garfinkel; Daniel Notterman Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2014-04-07 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Zsofia Nemoda; Maria Horvat-Gordon; Christine K Fortunato; Emilie K Beltzer; Jessica L Scholl; Douglas A Granger Journal: BMC Med Res Methodol Date: 2011-12-19 Impact factor: 4.615
Authors: Yuliya S Nikolova; Karestan C Koenen; Sandro Galea; Chiou-Miin Wang; Marianne L Seney; Etienne Sibille; Douglas E Williamson; Ahmad R Hariri Journal: Nat Neurosci Date: 2014-08-03 Impact factor: 24.884
Authors: Sarah J D Nauwelaerts; Dirk Van Geel; Maud Delvoye; Koen De Cremer; Alfred Bernard; Nancy H C Roosens; Sigrid C J De Keersmaecker Journal: J Biomol Tech Date: 2020-04
Authors: Sabine A S Langie; Katarzyna Szarc Vel Szic; Ken Declerck; Sophie Traen; Gudrun Koppen; Guy Van Camp; Greet Schoeters; Wim Vanden Berghe; Patrick De Boever Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-03-21 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Annette Vriens; Tim S Nawrot; Nelly D Saenen; Eline B Provost; Michal Kicinski; Wouter Lefebvre; Charlotte Vanpoucke; Jan Van Deun; Olivier De Wever; Karen Vrijens; Patrick De Boever; Michelle Plusquin Journal: Environ Health Date: 2016-07-26 Impact factor: 5.984