Jianxing Yu1, Huaiqi Jing2, Shengjie Lai1, Wenbo Xu3, Mengfeng Li4, Jianguo Wu5, Wei Liu6, Zhenghong Yuan7, Yu Chen8, Shiwen Zhao9, Xinhua Wang10, Zhuo Zhao11, Lu Ran1, Shuyu Wu12, John D Klena12, Luzhao Feng1, Fu Li5, Xianfei Ye8, Yanzi Qiu5, Xin Wang2, Hongjie Yu1, Zhongjie Li13, Weizhong Yang14. 1. Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. 2. National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. 3. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. 4. Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. 5. State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. 6. Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China. 7. Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China. 8. State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. 9. Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China. 10. Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China. 11. Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, China. 12. International Emerging Infections Program, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA. 13. Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. Electronic address: lizj@chinacdc.cn. 14. Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. Electronic address: yangwz@chinacdc.cn.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for children, although sparse data is available on the etiology of diarrhea in China. This study was conducted to determine main causes that underlie childhood diarrhea and related diseases. METHOD: Surveillance data for diarrhea was collected from 213 participating hospitals between 2009 and 2013. These stool specimens, from children aged 0-59 months, were then analyzed for a panel of etiological agents consisting of 5 viruses, 8 bacteria and 3 protozoa. The proportion of children who tested positive for each pathogen was calculated and seasonal patterns for major organisms were determined. RESULTS: Pathogens were identified in 44.6% of the 32,189 samples from children with diarrhea. The most commonly detected pathogens were rotavirus (29.7% of cases), norovirus (11.8%), Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC; 5.0%), adenovirus (4.8%), non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS; 4.3%), and Shigella spp. (3.6%). A strong seasonal pattern was observed for these organisms, including rotavirus (winter), norovirus (autumn), and DEC, NTS, and Shigella (summer). CONCLUSION: A wide range of enteropathogens were detected in this five-year surveillance study; rotavirus and norovirus were most common among children under the age five. These findings should serve as robust evidence for public health entities when planning and developing national intervention programs in China.
OBJECTIVES:Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for children, although sparse data is available on the etiology of diarrhea in China. This study was conducted to determine main causes that underlie childhood diarrhea and related diseases. METHOD: Surveillance data for diarrhea was collected from 213 participating hospitals between 2009 and 2013. These stool specimens, from children aged 0-59 months, were then analyzed for a panel of etiological agents consisting of 5 viruses, 8 bacteria and 3 protozoa. The proportion of children who tested positive for each pathogen was calculated and seasonal patterns for major organisms were determined. RESULTS: Pathogens were identified in 44.6% of the 32,189 samples from children with diarrhea. The most commonly detected pathogens were rotavirus (29.7% of cases), norovirus (11.8%), Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC; 5.0%), adenovirus (4.8%), non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS; 4.3%), and Shigella spp. (3.6%). A strong seasonal pattern was observed for these organisms, including rotavirus (winter), norovirus (autumn), and DEC, NTS, and Shigella (summer). CONCLUSION: A wide range of enteropathogens were detected in this five-year surveillance study; rotavirus and norovirus were most common among children under the age five. These findings should serve as robust evidence for public health entities when planning and developing national intervention programs in China.
Authors: F R Velázquez; D O Matson; M L Guerrero; J Shults; J J Calva; A L Morrow; R I Glass; L K Pickering; G M Ruiz-Palacios Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2000-10-23 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: A T Podkolzin; E B Fenske; N Yu Abramycheva; G A Shipulin; O I Sagalova; V N Mazepa; G N Ivanova; A V Semena; Z G Tagirova; M N Alekseeva; V P Molochny; U D Parashar; J Vinjé; V V Maleev; R I Glass; V I Pokrovsky Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2009-11-01 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Daniel C Payne; Jan Vinjé; Peter G Szilagyi; Kathryn M Edwards; Mary Allen Staat; Geoffrey A Weinberg; Caroline B Hall; James Chappell; David I Bernstein; Aaron T Curns; Mary Wikswo; S Hannah Shirley; Aron J Hall; Benjamin Lopman; Umesh D Parashar Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2013-03-21 Impact factor: 91.245
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Authors: Christa L Fischer Walker; Igor Rudan; Li Liu; Harish Nair; Evropi Theodoratou; Zulfiqar A Bhutta; Katherine L O'Brien; Harry Campbell; Robert E Black Journal: Lancet Date: 2013-04-12 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Joana Rocha-Pereira; Abimbola O Kolawole; Eric Verbeken; Christiane E Wobus; Johan Neyts Journal: Antiviral Res Date: 2016-05-29 Impact factor: 5.970