Anne C R Tanner1. 1. Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA ; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School Dental Medicine, Boston MA 02115, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anaerobic culture has been critical in our understanding of the oral microbiotas. HIGHLIGHT: Studies in advanced periodontitis in the 1970's revealed microbial complexes that associated with different clinical presentations. Taxonomy studies identified species newly-observed in periodontitis as Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter (Wolinella) rectus and other Campylobacter species, and Tannerella (Bacteroides) forsythia. Anaerobic culture of initial periodontitis showed overlap in the microbiota with gingivitis, and added Selenomonas noxia and Filifactor alocis as putative periodontal pathogens. Porphyromonas gingivalis and T. forsythia were found to be associated with initial periodontitis in adults. The dominant microbiota of dental caries differs from that of periodontitis. The major cariogenic species are acidogenic and acid tolerant species particularly Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. Anaerobic culture of severe early childhood caries revealed a widely diverse microbiota, comparable to that observed using cloning and sequencing. The PCR-based cloning approach, however, underestimated Actinobacteria compared with culture. Only a subset of the caries-associated microbiota was acid tolerant, with different segments of the microbiota cultured on blood agar compared to a low pH acid agar. While the major caries-associated species was S. mutans, a new species, Scardovia wiggsiae, was significantly associated with early childhood caries. Higher counts of S. wiggsiae were also observed in initial white spot carious lesions in adolescents. CONCLUSION: In periodontitis and dental caries, anaerobic culture studies of advanced disease provided a comprehensive analysis of the microbiota of these infections. Anaerobic culture highlighted the limitation of PCR with standard primers that underestimate detection of Actinobacteria.
BACKGROUND: Anaerobic culture has been critical in our understanding of the oral microbiotas. HIGHLIGHT: Studies in advanced periodontitis in the 1970's revealed microbial complexes that associated with different clinical presentations. Taxonomy studies identified species newly-observed in periodontitis as Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter (Wolinella) rectus and other Campylobacter species, and Tannerella (Bacteroides) forsythia. Anaerobic culture of initial periodontitis showed overlap in the microbiota with gingivitis, and added Selenomonas noxia and Filifactor alocis as putative periodontal pathogens. Porphyromonas gingivalis and T. forsythia were found to be associated with initial periodontitis in adults. The dominant microbiota of dental caries differs from that of periodontitis. The major cariogenic species are acidogenic and acid tolerant species particularly Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. Anaerobic culture of severe early childhood caries revealed a widely diverse microbiota, comparable to that observed using cloning and sequencing. The PCR-based cloning approach, however, underestimated Actinobacteria compared with culture. Only a subset of the caries-associated microbiota was acid tolerant, with different segments of the microbiota cultured on blood agar compared to a low pH acid agar. While the major caries-associated species was S. mutans, a new species, Scardovia wiggsiae, was significantly associated with early childhood caries. Higher counts of S. wiggsiae were also observed in initial white spot carious lesions in adolescents. CONCLUSION: In periodontitis and dental caries, anaerobic culture studies of advanced disease provided a comprehensive analysis of the microbiota of these infections. Anaerobic culture highlighted the limitation of PCR with standard primers that underestimate detection of Actinobacteria.
Authors: Philip Stashenko; Thomas Van Dyke; Patrice Tully; Ralph Kent; Stephen Sonis; Anne C R Tanner Journal: J Periodontol Date: 2010-11-08 Impact factor: 6.993
Authors: Anne C R Tanner; Ralph Kent; Eleni Kanasi; Shulin C Lu; Bruce J Paster; Steven T Sonis; Lora A Murray; Thomas E Van Dyke Journal: J Clin Periodontol Date: 2007-09-17 Impact factor: 8.728
Authors: A C R Tanner; A L Sonis; P Lif Holgerson; J R Starr; Y Nunez; C A Kressirer; B J Paster; I Johansson Journal: J Dent Res Date: 2012-07-26 Impact factor: 6.116
Authors: Erin L Gross; Clifford J Beall; Stacey R Kutsch; Noah D Firestone; Eugene J Leys; Ann L Griffen Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-10-16 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Vincent P Richards; Andres J Alvarez; Amy R Luce; Molly Bedenbaugh; Mary Lyn Mitchell; Robert A Burne; Marcelle M Nascimento Journal: Infect Immun Date: 2017-07-19 Impact factor: 3.441
Authors: Patricia Cruz; Arthuro M Mehretu; Mark P Buttner; Theresa Trice; Katherine M Howard Journal: BMC Oral Health Date: 2015-08-14 Impact factor: 2.757
Authors: Christine A Kressirer; Daniel J Smith; William F King; Justine M Dobeck; Jacqueline R Starr; Anne C R Tanner Journal: J Oral Biosci Date: 2017-05-24