Wei Bian1,2, Suchandrima Banerjee3, Douglas A C Kelly4, Christopher P Hess2, Peder E Z Larson1,2, Susan M Chang5, Sarah J Nelson1,2,6, Janine M Lupo2. 1. The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. 2. Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. 3. Global Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, California, USA. 4. Global Applied Science Laboratory, GE Healthcare, San Francisco, California, USA. 5. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. 6. Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate the utility of a multi-echo sequence at 7 Tesla (T) for simultaneous time-of-flight (TOF) MR-angiography (MRA) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) of radiation-induced cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), intracranial arteries, and veins. METHODS: A four-echo gradient-echo sequence was implemented on a 7T scanner. The first echo was used to create TOF-MRA images, while the remaining echoes were combined to visualize CMBs and veins on SWI images. The sequence was evaluated on eight brain tumor patients with known radiation-induced CMBs. Single-echo images were also acquired to visually and quantitatively compare the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of small- and intermediate-vessels between acquisitions. The number of CMBs detected with each acquisition was also quantified. Statistical significance was determined using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: Compared with the single-echo sequences, the CNR of small and intermediate arteries increased 7.6% (P < 0.03) and 9.5% (P = 0.06), respectively, while the CNR of small and intermediate veins were not statistically different between sequences (P = 0.95 and P = 0.46, respectively). However, these differences were not discernible by visual inspection. Also the multi-echo sequence detected 18.3% more CMBs (P < 0.008) due to higher slice resolution. CONCLUSION: The proposed 7T multi-echo sequence depicts arteries, veins, and CMBs on a single image to facilitate quantitative evaluation of radiation-induced vascular injury.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate the utility of a multi-echo sequence at 7 Tesla (T) for simultaneous time-of-flight (TOF) MR-angiography (MRA) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) of radiation-induced cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), intracranial arteries, and veins. METHODS: A four-echo gradient-echo sequence was implemented on a 7T scanner. The first echo was used to create TOF-MRA images, while the remaining echoes were combined to visualize CMBs and veins on SWI images. The sequence was evaluated on eight brain tumorpatients with known radiation-induced CMBs. Single-echo images were also acquired to visually and quantitatively compare the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of small- and intermediate-vessels between acquisitions. The number of CMBs detected with each acquisition was also quantified. Statistical significance was determined using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: Compared with the single-echo sequences, the CNR of small and intermediate arteries increased 7.6% (P < 0.03) and 9.5% (P = 0.06), respectively, while the CNR of small and intermediate veins were not statistically different between sequences (P = 0.95 and P = 0.46, respectively). However, these differences were not discernible by visual inspection. Also the multi-echo sequence detected 18.3% more CMBs (P < 0.008) due to higher slice resolution. CONCLUSION: The proposed 7T multi-echo sequence depicts arteries, veins, and CMBs on a single image to facilitate quantitative evaluation of radiation-induced vascular injury.
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