| Literature DB >> 25451635 |
Stéphane Jouneau1, Graziella Brinchault2, Benoît Desrues2.
Abstract
The Société de pneumologie de langue française defines acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE COPD) as an increase in daily respiratory symptoms, basically duration ≥ 48h or need for treatment adjustment. Etiology of EA COPD are mainly infectious, viral (rhinovirus, influenzae or parainfluenzae virus, coronavirus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus) or bacterial (Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Moraxella catarrhalis). Pollutant exposure can also lead to AE COPD, such as NO2, SO2, ozone or particulates (PM10 and PM2.5). In 30% the etiology remains unknown. Differential diagnoses of AE COPD include infectious pneumonia, pneumothorax, acute heart failure and pulmonary embolism. Presences of signs of severity impose hospitalization: signs of respiratory distress, shock, acute confusion but also fragile patients, insufficient home support or absence of response to initial treatment. AE COPD treatments consist on increase in bronchodilators, chest physiotherapy, and antibiotics if sputum is frankly purulent. Systemic corticosteroids should not be systematic. Recommended dose is 0.5 mg/kg on short course (5-7 days). During hospitalization, oxygen supplementation and thromboprophylaxis could be prescribed. The main interest in non-invasive ventilation is persistent hypercapnia despite optimal medical management. During ambulatory management or hospitalization, clinical assessment at 48-72 h is mandatory.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2014 PMID: 25451635 PMCID: PMC7118899 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2014.03.034
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Presse Med ISSN: 0755-4982 Impact factor: 1.228
Figure 1Facteurs déclenchant d’exacerbations de BPCO et mécanismes physiopathologiques associés entraînant l’augmentation des symptômes définissant l’exacerbation [1]
BPCO : bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive
Figure 2Prise en charge ambulatoire des exacerbations de BPCO. Adapté des recommandations SPLF de 2003 [15]
BPCO : bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive.