Peripheral nerve regeneration: experimental strategies and future perspectives.

Peripheral nerve injuries represent a substantial clinical problem with insufficient or unsatisfactory treatment options. This review summarises all the events occurring after nerve damage at the level of the cell body, the site of injury and the target organ. Various experimental strategies to improve neuronal survival, axonal regeneration and target reinnervation are described including pharmacological approaches and cell-based therapies. Given the complexity of nerve regeneration, further studies are needed to address the biology of nerve injury, to improve the interaction with implantable scaffolds, and to implement cell-based therapies in nerve tissue engineering.