Magnetic three-dimensional graphene solid-phase extraction of chlorophenols from honey samples.

A novel magnetic three-dimensional graphene nano-composite (3D-G@Fe3O4) with a high surface area was synthesised by a vacuum freeze-dried method. Due to its high surface area, specific 3D nanoporous structure and excellent magnetic properties, it can be used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent. Some chlorophenols in a honey samples were enriched by this nanocomposite prior to their determination by HPLC with ultraviolet detection. Factors that affect the extraction efficiency, such as the amount of 3D-G@Fe3O4, extraction time, sample pH, ionic strength and desorption conditions, were investigated and optimised. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity existed in the range of 10.0-1000.0 ng g(-1). The enrichment factors of the method for the analytes were in the range from 101 to 248. The limits of detection of the method (S/N = 3) were 1.0-1.5 ng g(-1). The recoveries of the method for the analytes at spiking levels of 100.0 and 400.0 ng g(-1) were in the range of 93.2-98.9%. The results showed that the proposed method is simple, reliable and sensitive. It will be a useful tool for the routine monitoring of chlorophenols in honey products.