| Literature DB >> 34227756 |
Yingmin Liao1, Xiaojia Huang2, Zhuozhuo Wang2, Rui Gan1.
Abstract
Trace toxic substances in food pose a serious threat to human health, and need to be detected and analyzed to ensure food safety. However, there are many kinds of toxic substances in food, with small amounts and complex matrices, making it necessary to select an appropriate sample pretreatment technology for extraction and purification. There are some disadvantages to sample pretreatment methods such as solid phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, in terms of poor selectivity, significant influence of matrix interference, large sample requirement, long extraction time, use of a large amount of harmful organic solvents, and cumbersome and time-consuming operation. Magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) combines the advantages of magnetic separation and traditional SPE technology, avoids time-consuming column loading, and can extract the target analyte efficiently. Because of its advantages, in that it has simple operation, is time-saving and fast, requires no centrifugal filtration, and is environmentally friendly, it is considered an efficient sample pretreatment technology and applied in food analysis. The adsorption capacity and selectivity of the magnetic adsorbent used in MSPE are the key factors affecting the extraction efficiency and selectivity of MSPE, and play a key role in the accuracy of the established method. Carbon-based magnetic materials are a type of new functional magnetic materials prepared by the co-precipitation of carbon-based materials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal-organic framework-derived carbon, or activated carbon) and magnetic materials. In order to endow carbon-based magnetic materials with the advantages of both, carbon materials and magnetic materials, while also reflecting the advantages of high specific surface area, good stability, low cost, environmental friendliness, excellent physical and chemical properties, high porosity, and high adsorption capacity, proper functional modification is needed. Carbon-based magnetic materials modified by functionalization can efficiently enrich organic and inorganic analytes with different properties, and have seen significant progress in environmental analysis, biological detection, pollution control, and other fields. In recent years, MSPE technology based on carbon-based magnetic materials has been gradually applied in food analysis and pretreatment, but its use is still in infancy and holds immense application potential. Reference to more than 50 papers published in SCI and Chinese core journals over the past four years reveals that carbon-based materials include carbon nanotubes modified by functional groups, reagents, or materials; graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide; carbon derived from a gold organic framework; activated carbon biochar; and nanodiamond. The harmful substances in food samples include esters, mycotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, antibiotics, alkaloids, phenols, vitamins, and antibiotics. Based on the classification of carbon-based materials, this review reveals that carbon-based magnetic materials have good preconcentration ability for harmful substances in food samples. MSPE can be combined with GC-MS, liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS), ultra high performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive HRMS), high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), gas chromatography micro-electron capture detection (GC-μECD), high performance liquid chromatography fluorescence with post-column photochemical derivatization (HPLC-PCD-FLD), and HPLC-UV to analyze food samples. These combined technologies have high accuracy and recovery. However, the synthesis methods of carbon-based magnetic materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, incur high energy consumption and high cost, and involve complex processes, which limit their application. Therefore, a carbon-based magnetic adsorbent with low cost, high selectivity, and high extraction efficiency was developed by further exploring functional modification with biochar as a carbon base. This is a very promising direction to develop MSPE technology utilizing biochar-based magnetic materials for food sample pretreatment. This review provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the wide application of carbon-based magnetic materials in MSPE technology for food analysis.Entities:
Keywords: adsorbent; carbon based magnetic material; food analysis; magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE); review
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34227756 PMCID: PMC9404120 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2020.05038
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
基于碳基磁性材料的磁固相萃取技术在食品分析中的应用
| Carbon | Carbon based | Analyte | Samples | Method | LOD | Recovery/ | RSD/ | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNTs | Fe3O4/AMWNTs | pyrethroid pesticides | honey | GC | 0.07-0.20 μg/L | 78.4 | -94.8 | 3.8-8.1 | [ |
| MWCNT-Fe3O4 | phthalate acid | yogurt-based | GC-MS | 10.00-24.00 ng/L | - | 0.3-7.4 | [ | ||
| MWCNT-MNP | polycyclic aromatic | milk, milk | GC-MS | 0.040-0.075 μg/kg | 86.1 | -100.3 | 3.2-10.1 | [ | |
| Tol-MCNT | sulfonamides | milk | LC-HRMS | 2.00-10.00 ng/L | 86.6 | -98.3 | 0.9-6.2 | [ | |
| M- | bisphenols | fruit juices | UHPLC-MS/MS | 0.43-2.47 ng/L | 90.6 | -101.0 | 1.2-5.8 | [ | |
| PAMAM@Mag-CNTs | toxic alkaloids | meat, vegetable | UFLC-MS/MS | 0.011-0.329 ng/g | 83.4 | -125.0 | 1.3-8.0 | [ | |
| PEG-MWCNTs-MNP | mycotoxins | real liquid milk | UHPLC-Q-Exactive HRMS | 0.005-0.050 μg/kg | 81.8 | -106.4 | 2.1-8.5 | [ | |
| HCSs@Fe3O4- | herbicides | wheat flour | HPLC-DAD | 0.24-0.68 ng/g | 88.8 | -96.6 | 1.6-6.2 | [ | |
| Fe3O4/MWCNT@ND | vitamin B12 | infant formula | HPLC-DAD | 2.85 ng/mL | 97.8 | -103.1 | 4.3-6.1 | [ | |
| okadaic acid | mussel, oyster | HPLC-MS/MS | 1.30 pg/mL | 82.0 | -107.0 | 1.8-2.5 | [ | ||
| mMWCNT-ZrO2-C18 | polycyclic aromatic | edible oils | HPLC-DAD | 0.06-0.55 ng/g | 93.9 | -113.3 | 3.9-6.0 | [ | |
| G | Fe3O4@SiO2@G | preservative | vegetables | GC-MS | 0.21-11.50 μg/kg | 78.3 | -116.7 | 1.4-11.9 | [ |
| MG@SiO2-TMSPED | pesticides | tomato, grape | GC-μECD | 0.23-0.30 μg/kg | 82.0 | -113.0 | 5.1-8.1 | [ | |
| mNi@N-GrT | tetracyclines | milk | HPLC | 1.29-2.31 ng/mL | 91.6 | -109.7 | 2.2-5.7 | [ | |
| 3D-G-Fe3O4 | caffeine | food | GC-FID | 0.10 μg/mL | 93.1 | -97.7 | 5.9-7.1 | [ | |
| 3D-G-Fe3O4 | organophosphorus pesticides | juice | GC-NPD | 1.20-5.10 ng/L | 86.6 | -107.5 | 2.5-7.4 | [ | |
| 3D-G-Fe3O4 | chlorophenols | honey | HPLC-UV | 1.00-1.50 ng/g | 93.2 | -98.9 | 4.1-4.6 | [ | |
| GO | Fe3O4@GO | sulfonamides | milk | HPLC-MS/MS | 0.02-0.13 μg/L | 73.4 | -97.4 | 1.0-8.2 | [ |
| Fe3O4@SiO2-GO/ | triazine herbicides | rice | HPLC | 0.01-0.08 μg/kg | 83.9 | -103.5 | 0.5-8.7 | [ | |
| MGO | phthalate esters | bottled water | HPLC | 0.004-0.013 mg/L | 65.0 | -126.0 | 0.6-6.0 | [ | |
| Fe3O4/GO | melamine | dairy products | HPLC | 0.03 μg/L | 97.2 | -103.1 | 1.1-5.0 | [ | |
| Fe3O4/rGO | aflatoxins | vegetable oils | HPLC-PCD-FLD | 0.01-0.02 μg/kg | 80.4 | -106.0 | 1.3-10.5 | [ | |
| rGO/ZnFe2O4 | estrogens | fish | HPLC-DAD | 0.01-0.02 ng/mL | 73.5 | -104.1 | 1.7-8.3 | [ | |
| MOFs | MNPCs | organophosphorus | fruit | GC-FPD | 0.018-0.045 μg/L | 84.0 | -116.0 | 3.5-9.7 | [ |
| AC | MBAC | phenylurea | juice | HPLC-UV | 0.10-0.80 ng/mL | 86.1 | -104.1 | 4.0-6.8 | [ |
| BC | C/Fe3O4 NCs | triazole fungicides | fruit | GC-MS | 0.12-0.55 μg/kg | 82.1 | -109.9 | 2.1-8.4 | [ |
| GC | YS-Fe3O4@GC | sulfonamides | milk, meat | HPLC | 0.11-0.25 μg/L | 77.2 | -118.0 | 1.4-9.2 | [ |
CNTs: carbon nanotubes; AMWNTs: acid multi-walled carbon nanotubes; MWCNT-MNP: hybrids of magnetite (Fe3O4) with multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT); Tol-MCNT: p-tolyl-functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes; M-N-CNTs: magnetic nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes; UHPLC: ultra high performance liquid chromatography; PAMAM@Mag-CNTs: polyamidoamine-functionalized magnetic carbon nanotubes; UFLC: ultra-fast liquid chromatography; PEG-MWCNTs-MNP: pegylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes magnetic nanoparticles; HCSs: hollow carbon nanospheres; ND: nanodiamond; N-CNTCs: magnetic nitrogen doped carbon nanotube cages; mMWCNT-ZrO2-C18: magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubeoctadecylphosphonic acid modified zirconia; G: graphene; MG@SiO2-TMSPED: magnetic graphene based hybrid silica-N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine; μECD: micro-electron capture detection; mNi@N-GrT: ultrathin magnetic nitrogen doped graphene tube; 3D-G-Fe3O4: magnetic three dimensional-graphene nanocomposite; NPD: nitrogen phosphorous detection; GO: graphene oxide; Fe3O4@SiO2-GO/MIL-101(Cr): metal-organic framework functionalized magnetic graphene oxide/mesoporous silica composites; MGO: magnetic graphene oxides; rGO: reduced graphene oxide; PCD: post-column photochemical derivatization; MOFs: metal-organic framework; MNPCs: magnetic nanoporous carbons; FPD: specific flame photometricdetector; AC: activated carbon; MBAC: magnetic biomass activated carbon; BC: biochar; C/Fe3O4 NCs: carbon-based Fe3O4 nanocomposites; YS-Fe3O4@GC: yolk-shell Fe3O4@graphitic carbon.
图 1C/Fe3O4 NCs的合成工艺及MSPE分析水果中三唑类杀菌剂的步骤说明图[