Simonette R Mallard1, Lisa A Houghton2, Suzanne Filteau3, Anne Mullen4, Johanna Nieuwelink3, Molly Chisenga5, Joshua Siame5, Rosalind S Gibson2. 1. Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; simonette.mallard@otago.ac.nz. 2. Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; 3. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; 4. Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College School of Medicine, London, UK; and. 5. University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although numerous cross-sectional studies have shown an association between WHO infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators and child anthropometric measures, limited longitudinal evidence exists linking these indicators with subsequent growth. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether meeting WHO IYCF indicators at 6 and 12 mo of age was associated with growth to 18 mo of age and if dietary diversity mediated the relation between household wealth, maternal education, and child growth. METHODS: We used longitudinal data on 811 infants in the CIGNIS (Chilenje Infant Growth, Nutrition, Infection Study), a randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of micronutrient-fortified porridges on infant growth in Lusaka, Zambia. Twenty-four-h diet recalls were conducted at 6 and 12 mo of age, and length and weight measurements at ages 6 and 18 mo were used to produce height-for-age Z-scores (HAZs) and weight-for-height Z-scores (WHZs). Information on household assets was used to generate a household wealth index, and level of maternal education was collected. RESULTS: In fully adjusted analyses, iron-rich food intake at 6 mo and greater household wealth and maternal education were positively associated with HAZ at 18 mo (all P ≤ 0.016). Iron-rich food intake at 6 and 12 mo, achieving a "minimum acceptable diet" at 12 mo, and higher maternal education were associated with greater WHZ at 18 mo (all P ≤ 0.044). Dietary diversity at 6 mo of age was positively associated with both HAZ and WHZ at 18 mo (both P ≤ 0.001) and mediated 13.4% and 25.9% of the total effect of maternal education on HAZ and WHZ, respectively, at 18 mo. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that IYCF programs should be targeted toward the early period of complementary food introduction and that policies aimed at increasing formal maternal education may benefit child growth through improved feeding practices. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN37460449.
BACKGROUND: Although numerous cross-sectional studies have shown an association between WHO infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators and child anthropometric measures, limited longitudinal evidence exists linking these indicators with subsequent growth. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether meeting WHO IYCF indicators at 6 and 12 mo of age was associated with growth to 18 mo of age and if dietary diversity mediated the relation between household wealth, maternal education, and child growth. METHODS: We used longitudinal data on 811 infants in the CIGNIS (Chilenje Infant Growth, Nutrition, Infection Study), a randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of micronutrient-fortified porridges on infant growth in Lusaka, Zambia. Twenty-four-h diet recalls were conducted at 6 and 12 mo of age, and length and weight measurements at ages 6 and 18 mo were used to produce height-for-age Z-scores (HAZs) and weight-for-height Z-scores (WHZs). Information on household assets was used to generate a household wealth index, and level of maternal education was collected. RESULTS: In fully adjusted analyses, iron-rich food intake at 6 mo and greater household wealth and maternal education were positively associated with HAZ at 18 mo (all P ≤ 0.016). Iron-rich food intake at 6 and 12 mo, achieving a "minimum acceptable diet" at 12 mo, and higher maternal education were associated with greater WHZ at 18 mo (all P ≤ 0.044). Dietary diversity at 6 mo of age was positively associated with both HAZ and WHZ at 18 mo (both P ≤ 0.001) and mediated 13.4% and 25.9% of the total effect of maternal education on HAZ and WHZ, respectively, at 18 mo. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that IYCF programs should be targeted toward the early period of complementary food introduction and that policies aimed at increasing formal maternal education may benefit child growth through improved feeding practices. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN37460449.
Authors: Pili Kamenju; Enju Liu; Ellen Hertzmark; Donna Spiegelman; Rodrick R Kisenge; Roland Kupka; Said Aboud; Karim Manji; Christopher Duggan; Wafaie W Fawzi Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2017-03-01 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Emily Mosites; George Aol; Elkanah Otiang; Godfrey Bigogo; Peninah Munyua; Joel M Montgomery; Marian L Neuhouser; Guy H Palmer; Samuel M Thumbi Journal: Public Health Nutr Date: 2016-08-12 Impact factor: 4.022
Authors: Christine Marie George; Nicole Coglianese; Sarah Bauler; Jamie Perin; Jennifer Kuhl; Camille Williams; Yunhee Kang; Elizabeth D Thomas; Ruthly François; Angela Ng; Amani S Presence; Bisimwa R Jean Claude; Fahmida Tofail; Patrick Mirindi; Lucien B Cirhuza Journal: Matern Child Nutr Date: 2022-03-21 Impact factor: 3.660
Authors: Aatekah Owais; Benjamin Schwartz; David G Kleinbaum; Parminder S Suchdev; A S G Faruque; Sumon K Das; Aryeh D Stein Journal: PLoS One Date: 2016-10-24 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Reiko Miyahara; Momodou Jasseh; Grant Austin Mackenzie; Christian Bottomley; M Jahangir Hossain; Brian M Greenwood; Umberto D'Alessandro; Anna Roca Journal: BMC Pediatr Date: 2016-03-15 Impact factor: 2.125