Emre Kopanoglu1, R Todd Constable1,2,3. 1. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 2. Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. 3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: An iterative k-space trajectory and radiofrequency (RF) pulse design method is proposed for excitation using nonlinear gradient magnetic fields. THEORY AND METHODS: The spatial encoding functions (SEFs) generated by nonlinear gradient fields are linearly dependent in Cartesian coordinates. Left uncorrected, this may lead to flip angle variations in excitation profiles. In the proposed method, SEFs (k-space samples) are selected using a matching pursuit algorithm, and the RF pulse is designed using a conjugate gradient algorithm. Three variants of the proposed approach are given: the full algorithm, a computationally cheaper version, and a third version for designing spoke-based trajectories. The method is demonstrated for various target excitation profiles using simulations and phantom experiments. RESULTS: The method is compared with other iterative (matching pursuit and conjugate gradient) and noniterative (coordinate-transformation and Jacobian-based) pulse design methods as well as uniform density spiral and EPI trajectories. The results show that the proposed method can increase excitation fidelity. CONCLUSION: An iterative method for designing k-space trajectories and RF pulses using nonlinear gradient fields is proposed. The method can either be used for selecting the SEFs individually to guide trajectory design, or can be adapted to design and optimize specific trajectories of interest.
PURPOSE: An iterative k-space trajectory and radiofrequency (RF) pulse design method is proposed for excitation using nonlinear gradient magnetic fields. THEORY AND METHODS: The spatial encoding functions (SEFs) generated by nonlinear gradient fields are linearly dependent in Cartesian coordinates. Left uncorrected, this may lead to flip angle variations in excitation profiles. In the proposed method, SEFs (k-space samples) are selected using a matching pursuit algorithm, and the RF pulse is designed using a conjugate gradient algorithm. Three variants of the proposed approach are given: the full algorithm, a computationally cheaper version, and a third version for designing spoke-based trajectories. The method is demonstrated for various target excitation profiles using simulations and phantom experiments. RESULTS: The method is compared with other iterative (matching pursuit and conjugate gradient) and noniterative (coordinate-transformation and Jacobian-based) pulse design methods as well as uniform density spiral and EPI trajectories. The results show that the proposed method can increase excitation fidelity. CONCLUSION: An iterative method for designing k-space trajectories and RF pulses using nonlinear gradient fields is proposed. The method can either be used for selecting the SEFs individually to guide trajectory design, or can be adapted to design and optimize specific trajectories of interest.
Authors: Gerrit Schultz; Peter Ullmann; Heinrich Lehr; Anna M Welz; Jürgen Hennig; Maxim Zaitsev Journal: Magn Reson Med Date: 2010-09-16 Impact factor: 4.668
Authors: William Grissom; Chun-yu Yip; Zhenghui Zhang; V Andrew Stenger; Jeffrey A Fessler; Douglas C Noll Journal: Magn Reson Med Date: 2006-09 Impact factor: 4.668
Authors: Daniel Gallichan; Chris A Cocosco; Andrew Dewdney; Gerrit Schultz; Anna Welz; Jürgen Hennig; Maxim Zaitsev Journal: Magn Reson Med Date: 2010-11-30 Impact factor: 4.668
Authors: Haifeng Wang; Leo Tam; Emre Kopanoglu; Dana C Peters; R Todd Constable; Gigi Galiana Journal: Magn Reson Med Date: 2015-05-15 Impact factor: 4.668