Melissa C Friesen1, Sarah J Locke2, Yu-Cheng Chen2, Joseph B Coble2, Patricia A Stewart3, Bu-Tian Ji2, Bryan Bassig2, Wei Lu4, Shouzheng Xue2, Wong-Ho Chow5, Qing Lan2, Mark P Purdue2, Nathaniel Rothman2, Roel Vermeulen6. 1. 1.Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA friesenmc@mail.nih.gov. 2. 1.Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA. 3. 1.Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA 2.Stewart Exposure Assessments, LLC , Arlington, VA 22207, USA. 4. 3.Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control, 1380 Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. 5. 1.Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA 4.Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. 6. 5.Environmental and Occupational Health Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a carcinogen that has been linked to kidney cancer and possibly other cancer sites including non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Its use in China has increased since the early 1990s with China's growing metal, electronic, and telecommunications industries. We examined historical occupational TCE air concentration patterns in a database of TCE inspection measurements collected in Shanghai, China to identify temporal trends and broad contrasts among occupations and industries. METHODS: Using a database of 932 short-term, area TCE air inspection measurements collected in Shanghai worksites from 1968 through 2000 (median year 1986), we developed mixed-effects models to evaluate job-, industry-, and time-specific TCE air concentrations. RESULTS: Models of TCE air concentrations from Shanghai work sites predicted that exposures decreased 5-10% per year between 1968 and 2000. Measurements collected near launderers and dry cleaners had the highest predicted geometric means (GM for 1986 = 150-190 mg m(-3)). The majority (53%) of the measurements were collected in metal treatment jobs. In a model restricted to measurements in metal treatment jobs, predicted GMs for 1986 varied 35-fold across industries, from 11 mg m(-3) in 'other metal products/repair' industries to 390 mg m(-3) in 'ships/aircrafts' industries. CONCLUSIONS: TCE workplace air concentrations appeared to have dropped over time in Shanghai, China between 1968 and 2000. Understanding differences in TCE concentrations across time, occupations, and industries may assist future epidemiologic studies in China. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society 2014.
PURPOSE:Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a carcinogen that has been linked to kidney cancer and possibly other cancer sites including non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Its use in China has increased since the early 1990s with China's growing metal, electronic, and telecommunications industries. We examined historical occupational TCE air concentration patterns in a database of TCE inspection measurements collected in Shanghai, China to identify temporal trends and broad contrasts among occupations and industries. METHODS: Using a database of 932 short-term, area TCE air inspection measurements collected in Shanghai worksites from 1968 through 2000 (median year 1986), we developed mixed-effects models to evaluate job-, industry-, and time-specific TCE air concentrations. RESULTS: Models of TCE air concentrations from Shanghai work sites predicted that exposures decreased 5-10% per year between 1968 and 2000. Measurements collected near launderers and dry cleaners had the highest predicted geometric means (GM for 1986 = 150-190 mg m(-3)). The majority (53%) of the measurements were collected in metal treatment jobs. In a model restricted to measurements in metal treatment jobs, predicted GMs for 1986 varied 35-fold across industries, from 11 mg m(-3) in 'other metal products/repair' industries to 390 mg m(-3) in 'ships/aircrafts' industries. CONCLUSIONS:TCE workplace air concentrations appeared to have dropped over time in Shanghai, China between 1968 and 2000. Understanding differences in TCE concentrations across time, occupations, and industries may assist future epidemiologic studies in China. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society 2014.
Authors: Stefanie Hellweg; Evangelia Demou; Martin Scheringer; Thomas E McKone; Konrad Hungerbühler Journal: Environ Sci Technol Date: 2005-10-01 Impact factor: 9.028
Authors: Phum Tachachartvanich; Rapeepat Sangsuwan; Heather S Ruiz; Sylvia S Sanchez; Kathleen A Durkin; Luoping Zhang; Martyn T Smith Journal: Environ Sci Technol Date: 2018-01-19 Impact factor: 9.028