Jeffrey R Strawn1, C John Wegman2, Kelli C Dominick3, Max S Swartz2, Anna M Wehry2, Luis R Patino2, Stephen M Strakowski2, Caleb M Adler4, James C Eliassen5, Melissa P DelBello2. 1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States. Electronic address: strawnjr@uc.edu. 2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, United States. 3. Center for Imaging Research, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, United States. 4. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States. 5. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It is established that pediatric patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) exhibit functional abnormalities and altered gray matter volumes in neural structures that subserve emotional processing, yet there are no data regarding the surface anatomy of the cerebral cortex in youth with GAD. METHODS: Using an automated surface-based approach (FreeSurfer), cortical thickness was assessed node-by-node over the entire cerebral cortex in adolescents with GAD and no co-occurring major depressive disorder (n=13) and healthy subjects (n=19). RESULTS: Compared with healthy adolescents, youth with GAD exhibited increased cortical thickness in the right inferolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (i.e., inferior frontal gyrus), the left inferior and middle temporal cortex as well as the right lateral occipital cortex. No relationships were observed between cortical thickness and the severity of anxiety symptoms in the significant regions that were identified in the vertex-wise analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that, in adolescents with GAD, abnormalities in cortical thickness are present in an ensemble of regions responsible for fear learning, fear extinction, reflective functioning (e.g., mentalization), and regulation of the amygdala.
BACKGROUND: It is established that pediatric patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) exhibit functional abnormalities and altered gray matter volumes in neural structures that subserve emotional processing, yet there are no data regarding the surface anatomy of the cerebral cortex in youth with GAD. METHODS: Using an automated surface-based approach (FreeSurfer), cortical thickness was assessed node-by-node over the entire cerebral cortex in adolescents with GAD and no co-occurring major depressive disorder (n=13) and healthy subjects (n=19). RESULTS: Compared with healthy adolescents, youth with GAD exhibited increased cortical thickness in the right inferolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (i.e., inferior frontal gyrus), the left inferior and middle temporal cortex as well as the right lateral occipital cortex. No relationships were observed between cortical thickness and the severity of anxiety symptoms in the significant regions that were identified in the vertex-wise analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that, in adolescents with GAD, abnormalities in cortical thickness are present in an ensemble of regions responsible for fear learning, fear extinction, reflective functioning (e.g., mentalization), and regulation of the amygdala.
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