Peri Arbak1, Ilknur Başer2, Özlem Ozdemir Kumbasar3, Füsun Ülger4, Zeki Kılıçaslan5, Fatma Evyapan6. 1. Department of Chest Diseases, Duzce University Medical Faculty, Düzce, Turkey. 2. Emergency Department, Ankara Numune State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. 3. Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey. 4. Department of Chest Disease, Private Practice, Ankara, Turkey. 5. Department of Chest Diseases, Istanbul University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey. 6. Department of Chest Diseases, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey.
Abstract
AIM: This study aimed to assess the long-term respiratory effects of tear gases among the subjects with history of frequent exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire by NIOSH and pulmonary function tests was performed in 93 males exposed to the tear gases frequently and 55 nonexposed subjects. RESULTS: The mean numbers of total exposure and last 2 years exposure were 8.4 ± 6.4 times, 5.6 ± 5.8 times, respectively. Tear gas exposed subjects were presented with a higher rate for cough and phlegm more than 3 months (24.7% versus 11.3%, P > 0.05). Mean FEV1/FVC and % predicted MMFR in smoker exposed subjects are significantly lower than those in smoker controls (81.7% versus 84.1%, P = 0.046 and 89.9% versus 109.6%, P = 0.0004, resp.). % predicted MMFR in nonsmoker exposed subjects is significantly lower than that in nonsmoker controls (99.4% versus 113.1%, P = 0.05). Odds ratios for chest tightness, exercise dyspnea, dyspnea on level ground, winter morning cough, phlegm, and daily phlegm were increased almost 2 to 2.5 folds among tear gas exposed subjects. CONCLUSION: The rates for respiratory complaints were high in the case of the exposure to the tear gases previously. Tears gas exposed subjects were found to be under the risk for chronic bronchitis.
AIM: This study aimed to assess the long-term respiratory effects of tear gases among the subjects with history of frequent exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire by NIOSH and pulmonary function tests was performed in 93 males exposed to the tear gases frequently and 55 nonexposed subjects. RESULTS: The mean numbers of total exposure and last 2 years exposure were 8.4 ± 6.4 times, 5.6 ± 5.8 times, respectively. Tear gas exposed subjects were presented with a higher rate for cough and phlegm more than 3 months (24.7% versus 11.3%, P > 0.05). Mean FEV1/FVC and % predicted MMFR in smoker exposed subjects are significantly lower than those in smoker controls (81.7% versus 84.1%, P = 0.046 and 89.9% versus 109.6%, P = 0.0004, resp.). % predicted MMFR in nonsmoker exposed subjects is significantly lower than that in nonsmoker controls (99.4% versus 113.1%, P = 0.05). Odds ratios for chest tightness, exercise dyspnea, dyspnea on level ground, winter morning cough, phlegm, and daily phlegm were increased almost 2 to 2.5 folds among tear gas exposed subjects. CONCLUSION: The rates for respiratory complaints were high in the case of the exposure to the tear gases previously. Tears gas exposed subjects were found to be under the risk for chronic bronchitis.
Authors: Yiannis Dimitroglou; George Rachiotis; Christos Hadjichristodoulou Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2015-01-27 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Britta N Torgrimson-Ojerio; Karen S Mularski; Madeline R Peyton; Erin M Keast; Asha Hassan; Ilya Ivlev Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2021-04-26 Impact factor: 3.295