Aslıhan Ilgaz1, Filiz Çağla Küçük Uyanusta2, Peri Arbak3, Arif Müezzinoğlu4, Tansu Ulukavak Çiftçi5, Serdar Akpınar6, Hikmet Fırat6, Selma Fırat Güven7, Bülent Çiftçi8, Selen Karaoğlanoğlu9, Elif Dağlı10, Feyza Erkan11. 1. Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, Middle East Technical University, Medical Center, Ankara, Turkey. 2. Clinic of Pulmonary Diseases, ARTE Hekimköy Medical Center, Ankara, Turkey. 3. Department of Chest Diseases, Düzce University School of Medicine, Düzce, Turkey. 4. Ankara Chamber of Medical Doctors, Commission of Workers' Health and Occupational Physicians, Ankara, Turkey. 5. Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. 6. Clinic of Chest Diseases, Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. 7. Sleep Disorders Center, Atatürk Chest Diseases, Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. 8. Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Bozok University School of Medicine, Yozgat, Turkey. 9. Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Ordu University School of Medicine, Ordu, Turkey. 10. Clinic of Child Chest Diseases, Acıbadem Fulya Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey. 11. Department of Pulmonary Medicine, İstanbul University İstanbul School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The most common chemical substances used as mass control agents are chloroacetophenone, chlorobenzylidene malononitrile, and oleoresin capsicum. These agents not only have local and rapid effects but also have systemic and long-term effects. The aim of the present study was to discuss the patterns of tear gas exposure and to investigate its effects on respiratory functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A face-to-face survey was conducted in 86 individuals who had been exposed to tear gas indoor and outdoor during the public protests in June 2013. RESULTS: The most frequently reported respiratory complaints included cough, dyspnea, phlegm, and chest pain. Spirometry measurements including forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were also performed. Indoor exposers have lower mean % predicted FVC and FEV1 values than outdoor exposers. All complaints and signs were more common in indoor exposure to tear gas than in outdoor exposure. CONCLUSION: Safety of the chemicals used as mass control agents during protests is doubtful as these agents are associated with several health risks.
OBJECTIVES: The most common chemical substances used as mass control agents are chloroacetophenone, chlorobenzylidene malononitrile, and oleoresin capsicum. These agents not only have local and rapid effects but also have systemic and long-term effects. The aim of the present study was to discuss the patterns of tear gas exposure and to investigate its effects on respiratory functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A face-to-face survey was conducted in 86 individuals who had been exposed to tear gas indoor and outdoor during the public protests in June 2013. RESULTS: The most frequently reported respiratory complaints included cough, dyspnea, phlegm, and chest pain. Spirometry measurements including forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were also performed. Indoor exposers have lower mean % predicted FVC and FEV1 values than outdoor exposers. All complaints and signs were more common in indoor exposure to tear gas than in outdoor exposure. CONCLUSION: Safety of the chemicals used as mass control agents during protests is doubtful as these agents are associated with several health risks.
Authors: Christopher A Reilly; Jack L Taylor; Diane L Lanza; Brian A Carr; Dennis J Crouch; Garold S Yost Journal: Toxicol Sci Date: 2003-05 Impact factor: 4.849
Authors: Yiannis Dimitroglou; George Rachiotis; Christos Hadjichristodoulou Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2015-01-27 Impact factor: 3.390