Christian-Alexandre Castellano1, Scott Nugent1, Nancy Paquet2, Sébastien Tremblay3, Christian Bocti4, Guy Lacombe5, Hélène Imbeault6, Éric Turcotte7, Tamas Fulop5, Stephen C Cunnane5. 1. Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Sciences Center, Geriatrics Institute, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada Department Physiology and Biophysics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada. 2. Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada. 3. Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada. 4. Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Sciences Center, Geriatrics Institute, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada. 5. Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Sciences Center, Geriatrics Institute, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada. 6. Research Center on Aging, Health and Social Sciences Center, Geriatrics Institute, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada. 7. Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRg) is lower in specific brain regions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ketones, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, are the brain's main alternative energy substrates to glucose. OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into brain fuel metabolism in mild AD dementia by determining whether the regional CMR and the rate constant of acetoacetate (CMRa and Ka, respectively) reflect the same metabolic deficit reported for cerebral glucose uptake (CMRg and Kg). METHODS: Mild AD dementia (Mild AD; n = 10, age 76 y) patients were compared with gender- and age-matched cognitively normal older adults (Controls; n = 29, age 75 y) using a PET/MRI protocol and analyzed with both ROI- and voxel-based methods. RESULTS: ROI-based analysis showed 13% lower global CMRg in the gray matter of mild AD dementia versus Controls (34.2 ± 5.0 versus 38.3 ± 4.7 μmol/100 g/min, respectively; p = 0.015), with CMRg and Kg in the parietal cortex, posterior cingulate, and thalamus being the most affected (p ≤ 0.022). Neither global nor regional CMRa or Ka differed between the two groups (all p ≥ 0.188). Voxel-based analysis showed a similar metabolic pattern to ROI-based analysis with seven clusters of significantly lower CMRg in the mild AD dementia group (uncorrected p ≤ 0.005) but with no difference in CMRa. CONCLUSION: Regional brain energy substrate hypometabolism in mild AD dementia may be specific to impaired glucose uptake and/or utilization. This suggests a potential avenue for compensating brain energy deficit in AD dementia with ketones.
BACKGROUND: The cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRg) is lower in specific brain regions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The ketones, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, are the brain's main alternative energy substrates to glucose. OBJECTIVE: To gain insight into brain fuel metabolism in mild AD dementia by determining whether the regional CMR and the rate constant of acetoacetate (CMRa and Ka, respectively) reflect the same metabolic deficit reported for cerebral glucose uptake (CMRg and Kg). METHODS: Mild AD dementia (Mild AD; n = 10, age 76 y) patients were compared with gender- and age-matched cognitively normal older adults (Controls; n = 29, age 75 y) using a PET/MRI protocol and analyzed with both ROI- and voxel-based methods. RESULTS: ROI-based analysis showed 13% lower global CMRg in the gray matter of mild AD dementia versus Controls (34.2 ± 5.0 versus 38.3 ± 4.7 μmol/100 g/min, respectively; p = 0.015), with CMRg and Kg in the parietal cortex, posterior cingulate, and thalamus being the most affected (p ≤ 0.022). Neither global nor regional CMRa or Ka differed between the two groups (all p ≥ 0.188). Voxel-based analysis showed a similar metabolic pattern to ROI-based analysis with seven clusters of significantly lower CMRg in the mild AD dementia group (uncorrected p ≤ 0.005) but with no difference in CMRa. CONCLUSION: Regional brain energy substrate hypometabolism in mild AD dementia may be specific to impaired glucose uptake and/or utilization. This suggests a potential avenue for compensating brain energy deficit in AD dementia with ketones.
Authors: M Caprio; M Infante; E Moriconi; A Armani; A Fabbri; G Mantovani; S Mariani; C Lubrano; E Poggiogalle; S Migliaccio; L M Donini; S Basciani; A Cignarelli; E Conte; G Ceccarini; F Bogazzi; L Cimino; R A Condorelli; S La Vignera; A E Calogero; A Gambineri; L Vignozzi; F Prodam; G Aimaretti; G Linsalata; S Buralli; F Monzani; A Aversa; R Vettor; F Santini; P Vitti; L Gnessi; U Pagotto; F Giorgino; A Colao; A Lenzi Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2019-05-20 Impact factor: 4.256
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