Experiments inside a box lead to out-of-the-box ideas on cellular organization.

Microtubules are biopolymers that assemble from tubulin dimers into hollow tubes and play an important role in cellular organization. Their fascinating properties and variety of functions, like for example chromosome segregation, sperm propagation and polarity establishment, have made them a popular subject of study. In this perspective I focus on the contribution of minimal in vitro systems to our understanding of microtubule organization within the physical confinement of a cell.