Perceptual decision neurosciences - a model-based review.

In this review we summarize findings published over the past 10 years focusing on the neural correlates of perceptual decision-making. Importantly, this review highlights only studies that employ a model-based approach, i.e., they use quantitative cognitive models in combination with neuroscientific data. The model-based approach allows capturing latent decision-making processes such as strategic adjustments of response thresholds and relate these to interindividual differences or single-trial blood-oxygenated level dependent (BOLD) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) responses. The review shows that different cortico-subcortical networks are responsive to different latent decision-making processes. More concretely, we show that evidence accumulation is associated with a fronto-parietal network which is partly overlapping with choice bias in perceptual decision making. The setting of decision thresholds is associated with fronto-basal ganglia networks which are also found for choice bias. In sum, we argue that the model-based approach holds great promises to understand the neural correlates of latent cognitive processes.