Douglas G Manuel1, Meltem Tuna2, Deirdre Hennessy3, Carol Bennett4, Anya Okhmatovskaia5, Philippe Finès6, Peter Tanuseputro7, Jack V Tu8, William Flanagan6. 1. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont. ; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont. ; Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont. 2. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont. ; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont. ; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa and Toronto, Ont. 3. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont. ; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont. 4. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont. ; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa and Toronto, Ont. 5. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Que. 6. Statistics Canada, Ottawa, Ont. 7. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont. ; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa and Toronto, Ont. ; Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Centre of Learning, Research and Innovation in Long-Term Care, Ottawa, Ont. 8. Department of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Reductions in preventable risks associated with cardiovascular disease have contributed to a steady decrease in its incidence over the past 50 years in most developed countries. However, it is unclear whether this trend will continue. Our objective was to examine future risk by projecting trends in preventable risk factors in Canada to 2021. METHODS: We created a population-based microsimulation model using national data on births, deaths and migration; socioeconomic data; cardiovascular disease risk factors; and algorithms for changes in these risk factors (based on sociodemographic characteristics and previous cardiovascular disease risk). An initial population of 22.5 million people, representing the Canadian adult population in 2001, had 13 characteristics including the risk factors used in clinical risk prediction. There were 6.1 million potential exposure profiles for each person each year. Outcome measures included annual prevalence of risk factors (smoking, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and lipid levels) and of co-occurring risks. RESULTS: From 2003 to 2009, the projected risks of cardiovascular disease based on the microsimulation model closely approximated those based on national surveys. Except for obesity and diabetes, all risk factors were projected to decrease through to 2021. The largest projected decreases were for the prevalence of smoking (from 25.7% in 2001 to 17.7% in 2021) and uncontrolled hypertension (from 16.1% to 10.8%). Between 2015 and 2017, obesity was projected to surpass smoking as the most prevalent risk factor. INTERPRETATION: Risks of cardiovascular disease are projected to decrease modestly in Canada, leading to a likely continuing decline in its incidence.
BACKGROUND: Reductions in preventable risks associated with cardiovascular disease have contributed to a steady decrease in its incidence over the past 50 years in most developed countries. However, it is unclear whether this trend will continue. Our objective was to examine future risk by projecting trends in preventable risk factors in Canada to 2021. METHODS: We created a population-based microsimulation model using national data on births, deaths and migration; socioeconomic data; cardiovascular disease risk factors; and algorithms for changes in these risk factors (based on sociodemographic characteristics and previous cardiovascular disease risk). An initial population of 22.5 million people, representing the Canadian adult population in 2001, had 13 characteristics including the risk factors used in clinical risk prediction. There were 6.1 million potential exposure profiles for each person each year. Outcome measures included annual prevalence of risk factors (smoking, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and lipid levels) and of co-occurring risks. RESULTS: From 2003 to 2009, the projected risks of cardiovascular disease based on the microsimulation model closely approximated those based on national surveys. Except for obesity and diabetes, all risk factors were projected to decrease through to 2021. The largest projected decreases were for the prevalence of smoking (from 25.7% in 2001 to 17.7% in 2021) and uncontrolled hypertension (from 16.1% to 10.8%). Between 2015 and 2017, obesity was projected to surpass smoking as the most prevalent risk factor. INTERPRETATION: Risks of cardiovascular disease are projected to decrease modestly in Canada, leading to a likely continuing decline in its incidence.
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Authors: Deirdre A Hennessy; William M Flanagan; Peter Tanuseputro; Carol Bennett; Meltem Tuna; Jacek Kopec; Michael C Wolfson; Douglas G Manuel Journal: Popul Health Metr Date: 2015-09-03