Robert D Kirkcaldy1, Hillard S Weinstock1, Page C Moore2, Susan S Philip3, Harold C Wiesenfeld4, John R Papp1, Peter R Kerndt5, Shacondra Johnson6, Khalil G Ghanem7, Edward W Hook8. 1. Division of STD Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. 2. Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, Little Rock. 3. San Francisco Department of Public Health, California. 4. University of Pittsburgh and Allegheny County Health Department, Pennsylvania. 5. County of Los Angeles, Department of Public Health, California. 6. FHI360, Durham, North Carolina. 7. Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 8. University of Alabama at Birmingham Jefferson County Department of Health, Birmingham, Alabama.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:Ceftriaxone is the foundation of currently recommended gonorrhea treatment. There is an urgent need for backup treatment options for patients with cephalosporin allergy or infections due to suspected cephalosporin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 2 combinations of existing noncephalosporin antimicrobials for treatment of patients with urogenital gonorrhea. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, multisite, open-label, noncomparative trial in 5 outpatient sexually transmitted disease clinic sites in Alabama, California, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Patients aged 15-60 years diagnosed with uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea were randomly assigned to either gentamicin 240 mg intramuscularly plus azithromycin 2 g orally, or gemifloxacin 320 mg orally plus azithromycin 2 g orally. The primary outcome was microbiological cure of urogenital infections (negative follow-up culture) at 10-17 days after treatment among 401 participants in the per protocol population. RESULTS:Microbiological cure was achieved by 100% (lower 1-sided exact 95% confidence interval [CI] bound, 98.5%) of 202 evaluable participants receivinggentamicin/azithromycin, and 99.5% (lower 1-sided exact 95% CI bound, 97.6%) of 199 evaluable participants receivinggemifloxacin/azithromycin. Gentamicin/azithromycincured 10 of 10 pharyngeal infections and 1 of 1 rectal infection; gemifloxacin/azithromycincured 15 of 15 pharyngeal and 5 of 5 rectal infections. Gastrointestinal adverse events were common in both arms. CONCLUSIONS:Gentamicin/azithromycin and gemifloxacin/azithromycin were highly effective for treatment of urogenital gonorrhea. Gastrointestinal adverse events may limit routine use. These non-cephalosporin-based regimens may be useful alternative options for patients who cannot be treated with cephalosporin antimicrobials. Additional treatment options for gonorrhea are needed. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00926796. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2014. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND:Ceftriaxone is the foundation of currently recommended gonorrhea treatment. There is an urgent need for backup treatment options for patients with cephalosporinallergy or infections due to suspected cephalosporin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 2 combinations of existing noncephalosporin antimicrobials for treatment of patients with urogenital gonorrhea. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, multisite, open-label, noncomparative trial in 5 outpatient sexually transmitted disease clinic sites in Alabama, California, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Patients aged 15-60 years diagnosed with uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea were randomly assigned to either gentamicin 240 mg intramuscularly plus azithromycin 2 g orally, or gemifloxacin 320 mg orally plus azithromycin 2 g orally. The primary outcome was microbiological cure of urogenital infections (negative follow-up culture) at 10-17 days after treatment among 401 participants in the per protocol population. RESULTS: Microbiological cure was achieved by 100% (lower 1-sided exact 95% confidence interval [CI] bound, 98.5%) of 202 evaluable participants receiving gentamicin/azithromycin, and 99.5% (lower 1-sided exact 95% CI bound, 97.6%) of 199 evaluable participants receiving gemifloxacin/azithromycin. Gentamicin/azithromycin cured 10 of 10 pharyngeal infections and 1 of 1 rectal infection; gemifloxacin/azithromycin cured 15 of 15 pharyngeal and 5 of 5 rectal infections. Gastrointestinal adverse events were common in both arms. CONCLUSIONS:Gentamicin/azithromycin and gemifloxacin/azithromycin were highly effective for treatment of urogenital gonorrhea. Gastrointestinal adverse events may limit routine use. These non-cephalosporin-based regimens may be useful alternative options for patients who cannot be treated with cephalosporin antimicrobials. Additional treatment options for gonorrhea are needed. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00926796. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2014. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
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