Tracy A Becerra1, Ondine S von Ehrenstein2, Julia E Heck1, Jorn Olsen1, Onyebuchi A Arah1, Shafali S Jeste3, Michael Rodriguez4, Beate Ritz5. 1. Departments of Epidemiology, and. 2. Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and. 3. Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and. 4. Family Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. 5. Departments of Epidemiology, and britz@ucla.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our understanding of the influence of maternal race/ethnicity and nativity and childhood autistic disorder (AD) in African Americans/blacks, Asians, and Hispanics in the United States is limited. Phenotypic differences in the presentation of childhood AD in minority groups may indicate etiologic heterogeneity or different thresholds for diagnosis. We investigated whether the risk of developing AD and AD phenotypes differed according to maternal race/ethnicity and nativity. METHODS: Children born in Los Angeles County with a primary AD diagnosis at ages 3 to 5 years during 1998-2009 were identified and linked to 1995-2006 California birth certificates (7540 children with AD from a cohort of 1,626,354 births). We identified a subgroup of children with AD and a secondary diagnosis of mental retardation and investigated heterogeneity in language and behavior. RESULTS: We found increased risks of being diagnosed with AD overall and specifically with comorbid mental retardation in children of foreign-born mothers who were black, Central/South American, Filipino, and Vietnamese, as well as among US-born Hispanic and African American/black mothers, compared with US-born whites. Children of US African American/black and foreign-born black, foreign-born Central/South American, and US-born Hispanic mothers were at higher risk of exhibiting an AD phenotype with both severe emotional outbursts and impaired expressive language than children of US-born whites. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal race/ethnicity and nativity are associated with offspring's AD diagnosis and severity. Future studies need to examine factors related to nativity and migration that may play a role in the etiology as well as identification and diagnosis of AD in children.
OBJECTIVE: Our understanding of the influence of maternal race/ethnicity and nativity and childhood autistic disorder (AD) in African Americans/blacks, Asians, and Hispanics in the United States is limited. Phenotypic differences in the presentation of childhood AD in minority groups may indicate etiologic heterogeneity or different thresholds for diagnosis. We investigated whether the risk of developing AD and AD phenotypes differed according to maternal race/ethnicity and nativity. METHODS:Children born in Los Angeles County with a primary AD diagnosis at ages 3 to 5 years during 1998-2009 were identified and linked to 1995-2006 California birth certificates (7540 children with AD from a cohort of 1,626,354 births). We identified a subgroup of children with AD and a secondary diagnosis of mental retardation and investigated heterogeneity in language and behavior. RESULTS: We found increased risks of being diagnosed with AD overall and specifically with comorbid mental retardation in children of foreign-born mothers who were black, Central/South American, Filipino, and Vietnamese, as well as among US-born Hispanic and African American/black mothers, compared with US-born whites. Children of US African American/black and foreign-born black, foreign-born Central/South American, and US-born Hispanic mothers were at higher risk of exhibiting an AD phenotype with both severe emotional outbursts and impaired expressive language than children of US-born whites. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal race/ethnicity and nativity are associated with offspring's AD diagnosis and severity. Future studies need to examine factors related to nativity and migration that may play a role in the etiology as well as identification and diagnosis of AD in children.
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Authors: Laura A Schieve; Sheree L Boulet; Stephen J Blumberg; Michael D Kogan; Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp; Coleen A Boyle; Susanna N Visser; Catherine Rice Journal: Disabil Health J Date: 2011-11-03 Impact factor: 2.554
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Authors: Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz; Maya Sabatello; Laura Huckins; Holly Peay; Franziska Degenhardt; Bettina Meiser; Todd Lencz; Takahiro Soda; Anna Docherty; David Crepaz-Keay; Jehannine Austin; Roseann E Peterson; Lea K Davis Journal: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet Date: 2019-05-23 Impact factor: 3.568