Masashi Izumi1, Masahiko Ikeuchi2, Koji Aso1, Natsuki Sugimura1, Yuko Kamimoto3, Tetsuya Mitani4, Tadashi Ueta4, Takayuki Sato5, Masataka Yokoyama3, Tetsuro Sugiura4, Toshikazu Tani1. 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kochi University, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan. 2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kochi University, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, 783-8505, Japan. ikeuchim@kochi-u.ac.jp. 3. Department of Anesthesiology, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan. 4. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan. 5. Department of Cardiovascular Control, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: It has been known for years that deep vein thrombi (DVT) start to develop during total joint arthroplasty. Previously, we reported effective prevention of venous stasis by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). It is hypothesized that TENS might be a thromboprophylactic tool for the limb undergoing surgery. The purpose of this study is to clarify the clinical efficacy and safety of TENS in patients during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS:Ninety patients undergoing primary TKA were involved and randomly allocated to the TENS or control group. In the TENS group, electrical stimulation of the common fibular nerve, which produced a brisk dorsiflexion of the ankle, was performed for the operated leg during surgery. In the control group, no electrical stimulation was applied. Serum D-dimer and soluble fibrin monomer complex (SFMC) levels were measured before surgery, immediately after surgery, and post-operative day (POD) 1. Ultrasonography was performed on POD 1. RESULTS: Immediately after surgery, D-dimer and SFMC levels of each group were significantly lower in the TENS group compared with control (p < 0.05). The incidence of DVT was 11 % (five cases) in the TENS group while 31 % (14 cases) in control (p = 0.02). There were no adverse effects related to TENS. CONCLUSIONS:TENS during TKA showed significant effects on preventing DVT. Sustaining muscle pump activation during surgery prevented not only venous stasis, but also hypercoagulability of blood. Intraoperative TENS is a safe and novel strategy against early post-operative thromboembolism, which is difficult to be completed through existing prophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Randomized controlled trial, Level I.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: It has been known for years that deep vein thrombi (DVT) start to develop during total joint arthroplasty. Previously, we reported effective prevention of venous stasis by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). It is hypothesized that TENS might be a thromboprophylactic tool for the limb undergoing surgery. The purpose of this study is to clarify the clinical efficacy and safety of TENS in patients during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: Ninety patients undergoing primary TKA were involved and randomly allocated to the TENS or control group. In the TENS group, electrical stimulation of the common fibular nerve, which produced a brisk dorsiflexion of the ankle, was performed for the operated leg during surgery. In the control group, no electrical stimulation was applied. Serum D-dimer and soluble fibrin monomer complex (SFMC) levels were measured before surgery, immediately after surgery, and post-operative day (POD) 1. Ultrasonography was performed on POD 1. RESULTS: Immediately after surgery, D-dimer and SFMC levels of each group were significantly lower in the TENS group compared with control (p < 0.05). The incidence of DVT was 11 % (five cases) in the TENS group while 31 % (14 cases) in control (p = 0.02). There were no adverse effects related to TENS. CONCLUSIONS: TENS during TKA showed significant effects on preventing DVT. Sustaining muscle pump activation during surgery prevented not only venous stasis, but also hypercoagulability of blood. Intraoperative TENS is a safe and novel strategy against early post-operative thromboembolism, which is difficult to be completed through existing prophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Randomized controlled trial, Level I.
Authors: S Katsumata; M Nagashima; K Kato; A Tachihara; K Wauke; S Saito; E Jin; O Kawanami; R Ogawa; S Yoshino Journal: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Date: 2005-04 Impact factor: 2.105
Authors: A T Berman; J L Parmet; S P Harding; C L Israelite; K Chandrasekaran; J C Horrow; R Singer; H Rosenberg Journal: J Bone Joint Surg Am Date: 1998-03 Impact factor: 5.284
Authors: Shahab Hajibandeh; Shahin Hajibandeh; George A Antoniou; James Rh Scurr; Francesco Torella Journal: Cochrane Database Syst Rev Date: 2017-11-21
Authors: Carl L Herndon; Kyle L McCormick; Anastasia Gazgalis; Elise C Bixby; Matthew M Levitsky; Alexander L Neuwirth Journal: Arthroplast Today Date: 2021-10-11