Samuel R Foley1, Connie Solano2, Gabriela Simonova3, Michelle M Spanevello2, Robert J Bird4, John W Semple5, Denise E Jackson6, Andreas Schibler7, John F Fraser8, Yoke Lin Fung9. 1. Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. Electronic address: samuelrfoley@gmail.com. 2. Pathology Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. 3. Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. 4. Pathology Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, Griffith University, QLD, Australia. 5. Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. 6. School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia. 7. Mater Children's Hospital Mater, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. 8. Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. 9. Critical Care Research Group, The University of Queensland and The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Health and Sports Science, University of Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Similarities in size, anatomy and physiology have supported the use of sheep to model a wide range of human diseases, including coagulopathy. However, coagulation studies involving sheep are limited by the absence of high quality data defining normal ovine coagulation and fibrinolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Full blood examination, routine and specialised coagulation tests, rotational thromboelastometry and whole blood platelet aggregometry was performed on 50 healthy Samm & Border Leicester Cross ewes and compared to corresponding human ranges. Intraspecies breed and gender variability was investigated by comparison to a smaller population of 13 healthy Merino wethers. RESULTS: Ovine coagulation was similar to human according to routine coagulation methods (PT, aPTT, TCT, Fib(C)) and some specialised coagulation tests (vWF, AT, Plasmin Inh). Despite these similarities, ovine secondary haemostasis demonstrated substantial differences to that of human. Rapid initiation of the contact activation pathway, high levels of FVIII, low Protein C, greater overall clot firmness and a reduced capacity for clot lysis was documented in sheep. In addition, ADP and collagen agonists precipitated a reduced primary haemostatic response in sheep relative to human. Intraspecies differences in whole blood platelet aggregometry between the cohorts of sheep indicate the need for breed-specific normal ranges. CONCLUSIONS: The application of a board spectrum of coagulation assays has enabled elucidation of the similarities as well as differences between ovine and human coagulation. The new knowledge generated from this study will guide the design of future translational coagulation studies in ovine models.
INTRODUCTION: Similarities in size, anatomy and physiology have supported the use of sheep to model a wide range of human diseases, including coagulopathy. However, coagulation studies involving sheep are limited by the absence of high quality data defining normal ovine coagulation and fibrinolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Full blood examination, routine and specialised coagulation tests, rotational thromboelastometry and whole blood platelet aggregometry was performed on 50 healthy Samm & Border Leicester Cross ewes and compared to corresponding human ranges. Intraspecies breed and gender variability was investigated by comparison to a smaller population of 13 healthy Merino wethers. RESULTS: Ovine coagulation was similar to human according to routine coagulation methods (PT, aPTT, TCT, Fib(C)) and some specialised coagulation tests (vWF, AT, Plasmin Inh). Despite these similarities, ovine secondary haemostasis demonstrated substantial differences to that of human. Rapid initiation of the contact activation pathway, high levels of FVIII, low Protein C, greater overall clot firmness and a reduced capacity for clot lysis was documented in sheep. In addition, ADP and collagen agonists precipitated a reduced primary haemostatic response in sheep relative to human. Intraspecies differences in whole blood platelet aggregometry between the cohorts of sheep indicate the need for breed-specific normal ranges. CONCLUSIONS: The application of a board spectrum of coagulation assays has enabled elucidation of the similarities as well as differences between ovine and human coagulation. The new knowledge generated from this study will guide the design of future translational coagulation studies in ovine models.
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