Marcus W Koch1, Scott Patten2, Sandy Berzins3, Simon Zhornitsky4, Jamie Greenfield4, Winona Wall4, Luanne M Metz4. 1. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University of Calgary, Alberta, CanadaDepartment of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada mwkoch@ucalgary.ca. 2. Department of Community Health Sciences/Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 3. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 4. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Depression is a common comorbidity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but little is known about its long-term prognosis. Depression in the general population is usually episodic with relatively short-lasting depressive episodes. In this study we investigate the long-term prognosis of depression in MS. METHODS: Using data from a large longitudinal observational study and from the Calgary MS clinic database, we investigated changes in Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) scores in MS patients over four years of follow-up. We used logistic regression to investigate the association of the factors sex, age, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), depression at baseline, and antidepressant use with depression at each year of follow-up. RESULTS: CESD scores remained largely stable, or decreased slightly over four years of follow-up, whereas EDSS scores steadily increased. Depression at baseline was the strongest predictor of depression at follow-up; the other factors were not or not consistently associated with depression at follow-up. As expected, antidepressant use was associated with a greater risk of depression at follow-up. Starting and stopping antidepressant treatment during follow-up was not associated with the risk of depression at follow-up or with significant change in CESD scores. CONCLUSION: In contrast to depression in the general population, depression in MS is largely chronic, which suggests a different pathophysiology.
BACKGROUND:Depression is a common comorbidity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but little is known about its long-term prognosis. Depression in the general population is usually episodic with relatively short-lasting depressive episodes. In this study we investigate the long-term prognosis of depression in MS. METHODS: Using data from a large longitudinal observational study and from the Calgary MS clinic database, we investigated changes in Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) scores in MS patients over four years of follow-up. We used logistic regression to investigate the association of the factors sex, age, disease duration, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), depression at baseline, and antidepressant use with depression at each year of follow-up. RESULTS:CESD scores remained largely stable, or decreased slightly over four years of follow-up, whereas EDSS scores steadily increased. Depression at baseline was the strongest predictor of depression at follow-up; the other factors were not or not consistently associated with depression at follow-up. As expected, antidepressant use was associated with a greater risk of depression at follow-up. Starting and stopping antidepressant treatment during follow-up was not associated with the risk of depression at follow-up or with significant change in CESD scores. CONCLUSION: In contrast to depression in the general population, depression in MS is largely chronic, which suggests a different pathophysiology.
Authors: Marcus W Koch; Lawrence Korngut; David G Patry; Yahya Agha-Khani; Christopher White; Justyna R Sarna; Michael Yeung; V Wee Yong; Daniel Y C Heng; Gary Cutter; Luanne Metz Journal: Nat Rev Neurol Date: 2015-03-17 Impact factor: 42.937
Authors: Douglas D Gunzler; Nathan Morris; Adam Perzynski; Daniel Ontaneda; Farren Briggs; Deborah Miller; Robert A Bermel Journal: Mult Scler Relat Disord Date: 2016-08-05 Impact factor: 4.339
Authors: Ana Paula Kallaur; Josiane Lopes; Sayonara Rangel Oliveira; Andrea Name Colado Simão; Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche; Elaine Regina Delicato de Almeida; Helena Kaminami Morimoto; Wildea Lice Carvalho Jennings de Pereira; Daniele Frizon Alfieri; Sueli Donizete Borelli; Domacio Ramon Kaimen-Maciel; Michael Maes Journal: Mol Neurobiol Date: 2015-09-24 Impact factor: 5.590
Authors: Marnina Stimmel; Shaina Shagalow; Elizabeth K Seng; Jeffrey G Portnoy; Roseann Archetti; Elana Mendelowitz; Jessica Sloan; Jason Botvinick; Lisa Glukhovsky; Frederick W Foley Journal: Int J MS Care Date: 2019 Mar-Apr
Authors: Ruth Ann Marrie; Scott B Patten; Lindsay I Berrigan; Helen Tremlett; Christina Wolfson; Sharon Warren; Stella Leung; Kirsten M Fiest; Kyla A McKay; John D Fisk Journal: Int J MS Care Date: 2018 Mar-Apr