Lytt I Gardner1, Thomas P Giordano2, Gary Marks1, Tracey E Wilson3, Jason A Craw1, Mari-Lynn Drainoni4, Jeanne C Keruly5, Allan E Rodriguez6, Faye Malitz7, Richard D Moore5, Lucy A Bradley-Springer8, Susan Holman9, Charles E Rose1, Sonali Girde10, Meg Sullivan11, Lisa R Metsch12, Michael Saag13, Michael J Mugavero13. 1. Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. 2. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael. E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas. 3. Department of Community Health Sciences, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center School of Public Health, Brooklyn. 4. Department of Health Policy & Management, Boston University School of Public Health Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial VA Hospital Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. 5. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 6. Division of Infectious Diseases, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Florida. 7. HIV/AIDS Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland. 8. School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO. 9. Colleges of Medicine and Nursing, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York. 10. Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia ICF International, Inc, Atlanta, Georgia. 11. Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. 12. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, Florida. 13. 1917 HIV/AIDS Clinic and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine whether enhanced personal contact with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients across time improves retention in care compared with existing standard of care (SOC) practices, and whether brief skills training improves retention beyond enhanced contact. METHODS: The study, conducted at 6 HIV clinics in the United States, included 1838 patients with a recent history of inconsistent clinic attendance, and new patients. Each clinic randomized participants to 1 of 3 arms and continued to provide SOC practices to all enrollees: enhanced contact with interventionist (EC) (brief face-to-face meeting upon returning for care visit, interim visit call, appointment reminder calls, missed visit call); EC + skills (organization, problem solving, and communication skills); or SOC only. The intervention was delivered by project staff for 12 months following randomization. The outcomes during that 12-month period were (1) percentage of participants attending at least 1 primary care visit in 3 consecutive 4-month intervals (visit constancy), and (2) proportion of kept/scheduled primary care visits (visit adherence). RESULTS: Log-binomial risk ratios comparing intervention arms against the SOC arm demonstrated better outcomes in both the EC and EC + skills arms (visit constancy: risk ratio [RR], 1.22 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.09-1.36] and 1.22 [95% CI, 1.09-1.36], respectively; visit adherence: RR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.05-1.11] and 1.06 [95% CI, 1.02-1.09], respectively; all Ps < .01). Intervention effects were observed in numerous patient subgroups, although they were lower in patients reporting unmet needs or illicit drug use. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced contact with patients improved retention in HIV primary care compared with existing SOC practices. A brief patient skill-building component did not improve retention further. Additional intervention elements may be needed for patients reporting illicit drug use or who have unmet needs. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: CDCHRSA9272007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2014. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine whether enhanced personal contact with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infectedpatients across time improves retention in care compared with existing standard of care (SOC) practices, and whether brief skills training improves retention beyond enhanced contact. METHODS: The study, conducted at 6 HIV clinics in the United States, included 1838 patients with a recent history of inconsistent clinic attendance, and new patients. Each clinic randomized participants to 1 of 3 arms and continued to provide SOC practices to all enrollees: enhanced contact with interventionist (EC) (brief face-to-face meeting upon returning for care visit, interim visit call, appointment reminder calls, missed visit call); EC + skills (organization, problem solving, and communication skills); or SOC only. The intervention was delivered by project staff for 12 months following randomization. The outcomes during that 12-month period were (1) percentage of participants attending at least 1 primary care visit in 3 consecutive 4-month intervals (visit constancy), and (2) proportion of kept/scheduled primary care visits (visit adherence). RESULTS: Log-binomial risk ratios comparing intervention arms against the SOC arm demonstrated better outcomes in both the EC and EC + skills arms (visit constancy: risk ratio [RR], 1.22 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.09-1.36] and 1.22 [95% CI, 1.09-1.36], respectively; visit adherence: RR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.05-1.11] and 1.06 [95% CI, 1.02-1.09], respectively; all Ps < .01). Intervention effects were observed in numerous patient subgroups, although they were lower in patients reporting unmet needs or illicit drug use. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced contact with patients improved retention in HIV primary care compared with existing SOC practices. A brief patient skill-building component did not improve retention further. Additional intervention elements may be needed for patients reporting illicit drug use or who have unmet needs. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: CDCHRSA9272007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2014. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.
Entities:
Keywords:
HIV infection; HIV specialty clinics; behavioral intervention trial; randomized controlled trial; retention in care
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