Macrophages: gatekeepers of tissue integrity.

Macrophages form a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic cells that reside in tissues, where they are required to maintain organ integrity. Tissue macrophages contribute to tissue formation, metabolism, homeostasis, and repair. They have a unique ability to sense and respond to tissue damage. They serve as the first line of defense during infection and help promote immune tolerance in the steady state. Although most tissue macrophages share a high phagocytic and degradative potential, they are heterogeneous in origin, as well as in homeostatic function and response to insults. Here, we will discuss recent developments in our understanding of the origin of tissue macrophages and their functional specialization in tissues. ©2013 AACR.