Lung cancer stigma predicts timing of medical help-seeking behavior.

PURPOSE/
OBJECTIVES: To examine relationships among demographic variables, healthcare system distrust, lung cancer stigma, smoking status, and timing of medical help-seeking behavior in individuals with symptoms suggestive of lung cancer after controlling for ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and social desirability.
DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational study.
SETTING: Outpatient oncology clinics in Louisville, KY. SAMPLE: 94 patients diagnosed in the past three weeks to six years with all stages of lung cancer.
METHODS: Self-report, written survey packets were administered in person followed by a semistructured interview to assess symptoms and timing characteristics of practice-identified patients with lung cancer. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Timing of medical help-seeking behavior, healthcare system distrust, lung cancer stigma, and smoking status.
FINDINGS: Lung cancer stigma was independently associated with timing of medical help-seeking behavior in patients with lung cancer. Healthcare system distrust and smoking status were not independently associated with timing of medical help-seeking behavior.
CONCLUSIONS: FINDINGS suggest that stigma influences medical help-seeking behavior for lung cancer symptoms, serving as a barrier to prompt medical help-seeking behavior. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: When designing interventions to promote early medical help-seeking behavior in individuals with symptoms suggestive of lung cancer, methods that consider lung cancer stigma as a barrier that can be addressed through public awareness and patient-targeted interventions should be included.