José L Báez-Escudero1, Takehiko Keida2, Amish S Dave1, Kaoru Okishige3, Miguel Valderrábano4. 1. Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and Methodist Hospital Research Institute, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas. 2. Department of Cardiology, Edogawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. 3. Yokohama-City Bay Red Cross Hospital, Yokohama, Japan. 4. Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center and Methodist Hospital Research Institute, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas. Electronic address: mvalderrabano@houstonmethodist.org.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether ethanol infusion in the vein of Marshall (VOM) can ablate intrinsic cardiac nerves (ICN). BACKGROUND: ICN cluster around the left atrial epicardium and are implicated in the genesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS: Patients undergoing catheter AF ablation underwent adjunctive ethanol injection in the VOM. A multipolar catheter was introduced in the VOM and used for high-frequency stimulation (HFS), either as HFS with P-wave synchronized (SynchHFS), 30 pulses, 100 Hz (n = 8) or as HFS with 3 to 10 s bursts (BurstHFS), 33 Hz (n = 72) at 25 mA for 1-ms duration. Atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction slowing (asystole >2 s or R-R interval prolongation >50%) and AF inducibility were assessed before and after VOM ethanol infusion. Up to 4 1-ml infusions of 98% ethanol were delivered via an angioplasty balloon in the VOM. RESULTS: SynchHFS induced AF in 8 of 8 patients. In 4 of 8 AF initiated spontaneously without VOM capture. No parasympathetic responses were elicited by SynchHFS. BurstHFS was performed in 32 patients undergoing de novo AF ablation (Group 1) and 40 patients undergoing repeat ablation (Group 2). Parasympathetic responses were found in all 32 Group 1 patients and in 75% of Group 2 patients. After VOM ethanol infusion, parasympathetic responses were abolished in all patients (both groups). There were no acute complications related to VOM ethanol infusion. CONCLUSIONS: The VOM contains ICN that connect with the AV node and can trigger AF. Retrograde ethanol infusion in the VOM reliably eliminates local ICN responses. The VOM is a vascular route for ICN-targeting therapies.
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine whether ethanol infusion in the vein of Marshall (VOM) can ablate intrinsic cardiac nerves (ICN). BACKGROUND:ICN cluster around the left atrial epicardium and are implicated in the genesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS:Patients undergoing catheter AF ablation underwent adjunctive ethanol injection in the VOM. A multipolar catheter was introduced in the VOM and used for high-frequency stimulation (HFS), either as HFS with P-wave synchronized (SynchHFS), 30 pulses, 100 Hz (n = 8) or as HFS with 3 to 10 s bursts (BurstHFS), 33 Hz (n = 72) at 25 mA for 1-ms duration. Atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction slowing (asystole >2 s or R-R interval prolongation >50%) and AF inducibility were assessed before and after VOMethanol infusion. Up to 4 1-ml infusions of 98% ethanol were delivered via an angioplasty balloon in the VOM. RESULTS: SynchHFS induced AF in 8 of 8 patients. In 4 of 8 AF initiated spontaneously without VOM capture. No parasympathetic responses were elicited by SynchHFS. BurstHFS was performed in 32 patients undergoing de novo AF ablation (Group 1) and 40 patients undergoing repeat ablation (Group 2). Parasympathetic responses were found in all 32 Group 1 patients and in 75% of Group 2 patients. After VOMethanol infusion, parasympathetic responses were abolished in all patients (both groups). There were no acute complications related to VOMethanol infusion. CONCLUSIONS: The VOM contains ICN that connect with the AV node and can trigger AF. Retrograde ethanol infusion in the VOM reliably eliminates local ICN responses. The VOM is a vascular route for ICN-targeting therapies.
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