Julie Lajoie1, Makubo Kimani2, Francis A Plummer3, Francis Nyamiobo2, Rupert Kaul4, Joshua Kimani5, Keith R Fowke6. 1. Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba. 2. Kenyan AIDS Control Program, Nairobi, Kenya. 3. Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba Public Health Agency of Canada Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba. 4. Department of Medicine and Immunology, University of Toronto. 5. Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba Kenyan AIDS Control Program, Nairobi, Kenya University of Nairobi Institute for Tropical and Infectious Diseases. 6. Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Unprotected intercourse and seminal discharge are powerful activators of the mucosal immune system and are important risk factors for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study was designed to determine if female sex work is associated with changes in the mucosal immunity. METHODS: Cervicovaginal lavage and plasma from 122 HIV-uninfected female sex workers (FSW) and 44 HIV-uninfected low-risk non-FSW from the same socioeconomic district of Nairobi were analyzed for evidence of immune activation (IA). The cervico-mononuclear cells (CMC) were analyzed for cellular activation by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Lower IA was observed in FSW compared to the low-risk women as demonstrated by the lower level of MIP-3α (P < .001), ITAC (P < .001), MIG (p.0001), IL-1α (P < .001), IL-1β (P < .001), IL-1Rα (P = .0002), IL-6 (P < .001), IL-8 (P < .001), IL-10 (P = .01), IP-10 (P = .0001), MDC (P < .001), MIP-1α, (P < .001), MIP-1β (P = .005), MCP-1 (P = .03), and TNF-α (P = .006). Significant differences were noted as early as 1 year following initiation of sex work and increased with duration of sex work. CONCLUSION: This study showed that sex work is associated with important changes in the mucosal immune system. By analyzing chemokine/cytokine levels and CMC activation, we observed a lower mucosal IA in HIV-uninfected FSW compared to low-risk women.
BACKGROUND: Unprotected intercourse and seminal discharge are powerful activators of the mucosal immune system and are important risk factors for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study was designed to determine if female sex work is associated with changes in the mucosal immunity. METHODS: Cervicovaginal lavage and plasma from 122 HIV-uninfected female sex workers (FSW) and 44 HIV-uninfected low-risk non-FSW from the same socioeconomic district of Nairobi were analyzed for evidence of immune activation (IA). The cervico-mononuclear cells (CMC) were analyzed for cellular activation by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Lower IA was observed in FSW compared to the low-risk women as demonstrated by the lower level of MIP-3α (P < .001), ITAC (P < .001), MIG (p.0001), IL-1α (P < .001), IL-1β (P < .001), IL-1Rα (P = .0002), IL-6 (P < .001), IL-8 (P < .001), IL-10 (P = .01), IP-10 (P = .0001), MDC (P < .001), MIP-1α, (P < .001), MIP-1β (P = .005), MCP-1 (P = .03), and TNF-α (P = .006). Significant differences were noted as early as 1 year following initiation of sex work and increased with duration of sex work. CONCLUSION: This study showed that sex work is associated with important changes in the mucosal immune system. By analyzing chemokine/cytokine levels and CMC activation, we observed a lower mucosal IA in HIV-uninfected FSW compared to low-risk women.
Authors: Catia T Perciani; Bashir Farah; Rupert Kaul; Mario A Ostrowski; Salaheddin M Mahmud; Omu Anzala; Walter Jaoko; Kelly S MacDonald Journal: J Clin Invest Date: 2019-01-22 Impact factor: 14.808
Authors: Erin M Kahle; Michael Bolton; James P Hughes; Deborah Donnell; Connie Celum; Jairam R Lingappa; Allan Ronald; Craig R Cohen; Guy de Bruyn; Youyi Fong; Elly Katabira; M Juliana McElrath; Jared M Baeten Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2014-11-10 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Olamide D Jarrett; Kirsten E Brady; Sharada P Modur; Jill Plants; Alan L Landay; Mahmood Ghassemi; Elizabeth T Golub; Greg T Spear; Richard M Novak Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-06-17 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Sara Gianella; Davey M Smith; Eric S Daar; Michael P Dube; Andrea Lisco; Christophe Vanpouille; Leonid Margolis; Richard H Haubrich; Sheldon R Morris Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-06-10 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: S A Abdulhaqq; C Zorrilla; G Kang; X Yin; V Tamayo; K E Seaton; J Joseph; S Garced; G D Tomaras; K A Linn; A S Foulkes; L Azzoni; M VerMilyea; C Coutifaris; A V Kossenkov; L Showe; E N Kraiselburd; Q Li; L J Montaner Journal: Mucosal Immunol Date: 2015-11-11 Impact factor: 7.313