Stability and performance of rapid-acting insulin analogs used for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: a systematic review.

AIM: We review and summarize the literature on the safety and stability of rapid-acting insulin analogs used for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in patients with diabetes.
METHODS: Two predefined search strategies were systematically implemented to search Medline and the Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials for publications between 1996 and 2012.
RESULTS: Twenty studies were included in the review: 13 in vitro studies and 7 clinical studies. In vitro studies investigated the effects of extreme CSII conditions (high temperature and mechanical agitation) on the risk of catheter occlusions and insulin stability factors, such as potency, purity, high molecular weight protein content, pH stability, and preservative content (m-cresol, phenol). Under these conditions, the overall stability of rapid-acting insulin analogs was similar for insulin lispro, insulin aspart, and insulin glulisine, although insulin glulisine showed greater susceptibility to insulin precipitation and catheter occlusions. A limited number of clinical trials were identified; this evidence-based information suggests that the rate of catheter occlusions in patients with type 1 diabetes using CSII treatment may vary depending on the rapid-acting analog used.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on a limited amount of available data, the safety, stability, and performance of the three available rapid-acting insulin analogs available for use with CSII were similar. However, there is limited evidence suggesting that the risk of occlusion may vary with the insulin preparation under certain circumstances.