Object naming ability of adults with written language difficulties.

Several studies have observed that school-aged, reading-disabled children have object-naming problems. In addition, significant positive relationships between object-naming ability and reading and spelling skills have been observed for this population. The co-occurrence of these problems has been explained by common underlying phonological deficiencies. Because written language problems can persist beyond the school-aged years, the purpose of this study was to examine object-naming ability and the relationship between object naming and written language of adults. Twenty-two adults, half with written language difficulties and half without, performed four tasks: object naming, object recognition, reading, and spelling. Significant positive relationships were obtained between object-naming ability and reading ability, object-naming ability and spelling performance, and reading and spelling performance. In addition to phonological deficiencies, the results indicated that adult poor readers and spellers lack knowledge of the orthographic structure of words. These findings suggest that problems underlying object naming and written language do not resolve with cognitive maturation or additional years of experience with language and should be addressed in the early school-aged years.