Literature DB >> 24198953

A bioturbation classification of European marine infaunal invertebrates.

Ana M Queirós1, Silvana N R Birchenough, Julie Bremner, Jasmin A Godbold, Ruth E Parker, Alicia Romero-Ramirez, Henning Reiss, Martin Solan, Paul J Somerfield, Carl Van Colen, Gert Van Hoey, Stephen Widdicombe.   

Abstract

Bioturbation, the biogenic modification of sediments through particle reworking and burrow ventilation, is a key mediator of many important geochemical processes in marine systems. In situ quantification of bioturbation can be achieved in a myriad of ways, requiring expert knowledge, technology, and resources not always available, and not feasible in some settings. Where dedicated research programmes do not exist, a practical alternative is the adoption of a trait-based approach to estimate community bioturbation potential (BPc). This index can be calculated from inventories of species, abundance and biomass data (routinely available for many systems), and a functional classification of organism traits associated with sediment mixing (less available). Presently, however, there is no agreed standard categorization for the reworking mode and mobility of benthic species. Based on information from the literature and expert opinion, we provide a functional classification for 1033 benthic invertebrate species from the northwest European continental shelf, as a tool to enable the standardized calculation of BPc in the region. Future uses of this classification table will increase the comparability and utility of large-scale assessments of ecosystem processes and functioning influenced by bioturbation (e.g., to support legislation). The key strengths, assumptions, and limitations of BPc as a metric are critically reviewed, offering guidelines for its calculation and application.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Biodiversity; Marine Strategy Framework Directive; biogeochemical; ecosystem function; functional group; good environmental status; process; trait

Year:  2013        PMID： 24198953      PMCID： PMC3810888          DOI： 10.1002/ece3.769

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Ecol Evol        ISSN： 2045-7758            Impact factor:   2.912


Introduction

Marine soft-sediment habitats represent some of the most functionally important ecosystems on Earth, being characterized by a high biomass and diversity of invertebrate organisms that are fundamental to the mediation of a wealth of goods and services (Lotze et al. 2006; White et al. 2010; Widdicombe and Somerfield 2012). Infaunal invertebrates exhibit significant influence over benthic sedimentary geochemical environments in soft sediments through bioturbation, that is, the mixing of sediment and particulate materials carried out during foraging, feeding and burrow maintenance activities, and the enhancement of pore water and solute advection during burrow ventilation (Richter 1936; Rhoads 1974; Volkenborn et al. 2010). These processes influence oxygen, pH and redox gradients (Stahl et al. 2006; Pischedda et al. 2008; Queirós et al. 2011), metal cycling (Teal et al. 2009), sediment granulometry (Montserrat et al. 2009), pollutant release (Gilbert et al. 1994), macrofauna diversity (Volkenborn et al. 2007), bacterial activity and composition (Mermillod-Blondin and Rosenberg 2006; Gilbertson et al. 2012), and ultimately carbon (Kristensen 2001) and nitrogen cycling (Bertics et al. 2010). Hence, in light of anticipated changes to marine systems associated with human activity (Halpern et al. 2008; Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno 2010), large-scale assessments of bioturbation can contribute to a better understanding of how of ecosystem functioning is mediated by biological activity. Community bioturbation potential (BPc) is a metric first described by Solan et al. (2004a), which combines abundance and biomass data with information about the life traits of individual species or taxonomic groups. This information describes modes of sediment reworking (R) and mobility (M) of taxa in a dataset, two traits known to regulate biological sediment mixing, a key component of bioturbation (Solan 2000; and refereces therein; Solan et al. 2004b). BPc is thus not a direct measure of the process of bioturbation. Rather, BPc provides an estimate of the potential of a community to bioturbate. Hence, where macrofauna abundance and biomass data are available, BPc provides a means to estimate the extent to which benthic communities are likely to affect important ecosystem properties that underpin ecosystem functioning. The consequences of environmentally driven changes in biodiversity to BPc, and its relation to ecosystem functioning, have been explored in this way in terrestrial (Bunker et al. 2005) and marine habitats (Solan et al. 2004a,b); at the local (Lohrer et al. 2010; Teal et al. 2013) and regional scales (Queirós et al. 2011; Birchenough et al. 2012; Solan et al. 2012); for different contexts (e.g., habitat structure and hypoxia, Queirós et al. 2011; Van Colen et al. 2012; Villnäs et al. 2012); and for a variety of ecosystem functions including productivity (Solan et al. 2012), nutrient cycling (Solan et al. 2004a), carbon storage (Bunker et al. 2005; Solan et al. 2012), and decomposition (Josefson et al. 2012). By calculating BPc over time, or for different locations or scenarios, changes in the efficiency of the organism-sediment couple can be monitored for compliance in support of management and policy objectives (Painting et al. 2012; Van Hoey et al. 2013). For example, the effects of simulated changes in benthic community structure have previously been used to explore possible changes in ecosystem properties like sediment organic carbon at the North Sea scale, based on empirically derived relationships between BPc and sediment organic carbon (Fig. 1). Similar uses of BPc could invaluably contribute to an increased understanding of the role of ecosystem structure in the sustenance of marine functioning and its resilience to human activities, an urgent need under current European legislation (Marine Strategy Framework Directive, 2008/56/EC).
Figure 1

Percentage of sediment organic carbon (circles, diameter scaled to %) at each of 109 sites sampled during the North sea benthos Survey conducted by the Benthos Ecology Working Group of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea in 1986 (left column, “100%”), and following the implementation of simulated trait based extinction scenarios (right column, “50%”). By combining measurements of ecosystem functions with information on relevant species traits (abundance, biomass, functional group and behaviour), empirically derived relationships between specific ecosystem functions and BPc can be derived. In this case, the relationship between BPc and sediment % of organic carbon. Species extinction scenarios can be simulated and the consequential changes in ecosystem functioning recalculated based on changes in community composition and/or structure following implementation of each scenario. In this example, the predicted levels of sediment organic carbon content are presented for a 50% reduction in species richness (right column, “50%”) following sequential local expiration of species ordered by the most abundant species within a site (top row), those with the largest biomass (second row from top), or by the most abundant species across the region (bottom row). The consequences for ecosystem functioning (here, sediment organic carbon content) following these ordered extinction scenarios contrast to a scenario where species are extirpated in a random order (third row from top). Implementing various trait-based extinction scenarios in this way provides insights on possible outcomes following, for example, changes in management or as a result of anthropogenic forcing. Modified from Solan et al. (2012).

Percentage of sediment organic carbon (circles, diameter scaled to %) at each of 109 sites sampled during the North sea benthos Survey conducted by the Benthos Ecology Working Group of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea in 1986 (left column, “100%”), and following the implementation of simulated trait based extinction scenarios (right column, “50%”). By combining measurements of ecosystem functions with information on relevant species traits (abundance, biomass, functional group and behaviour), empirically derived relationships between specific ecosystem functions and BPc can be derived. In this case, the relationship between BPc and sediment % of organic carbon. Species extinction scenarios can be simulated and the consequential changes in ecosystem functioning recalculated based on changes in community composition and/or structure following implementation of each scenario. In this example, the predicted levels of sediment organic carbon content are presented for a 50% reduction in species richness (right column, “50%”) following sequential local expiration of species ordered by the most abundant species within a site (top row), those with the largest biomass (second row from top), or by the most abundant species across the region (bottom row). The consequences for ecosystem functioning (here, sediment organic carbon content) following these ordered extinction scenarios contrast to a scenario where species are extirpated in a random order (third row from top). Implementing various trait-based extinction scenarios in this way provides insights on possible outcomes following, for example, changes in management or as a result of anthropogenic forcing. Modified from Solan et al. (2012). A significant obstacle in the widespread application of BPc, however, is the need for a standard classification scheme that is supported by the benthic research community. As a first step in fulfilling this research gap, we present the findings of the Study Group on Climate Related Benthic Processes in the North Sea, an expert group appointed by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES SGCBNS). We present the conclusions of a series of dedicated workshops tasked with deriving a functional classification of northwest European marine invertebrate species to facilitate the calculation of BPc in different regions of the North Atlantic.

Methods

The classification of marine invertebrate infauna into bioturbation groups was carried out using 18 datasets compiled from northwest European waters (n = 1033 species). Following Swift (1993) and Solan et al. (2004a), each taxon (1) was scored on categorical scales that reflect increasing mobility (M) from 1 (living in a fixed tube) to 4 (free three dimensional movement via burrow system), and increasing sediment reworking (R) from 1 (epifauna that bioturbate at the sediment–water interface) to 5 (regenerators that excavate holes, transferring sediment at depth to the surface). B and A are the biomass and abundance of species/taxon i in a sample. Trait scores were derived from an extensive review of published material and expert knowledge (consensus of 12 authors), and details of the scoring system are provided below. Species for which no published information was available were scored based on descriptions of species behavior and information on closely related species at the nearest taxonomic level. As BPc captures information about sediment particle reworking, pelagic species and those living on hard substrates were not included. Sediment reworking functional types were also defined (Ft), according to François et al. (1997), Solan (2000), and Gérino et al. (2003). Taxonomic information and Aphia ID (a unique species database identifier) were extracted from the World Register of Marine Species (2012).

Results

Table 1 provides the classifications for mobility (M) and sediment particle reworking (R) assigned to the 1033 marine invertebrate species (and other taxa) from northwest European waters, and the associated sediment reworking functional types (Ft). Please refer to the table for details of the scoring criteria.
Table 1

Bioturbation potential allocations for 1033 macrofaunal species. M and R are the reworking and mobility traits, and Ft is the corresponding sediment reworking functional types.

Scientific NameAphia IDRiMiFtiPhylumClassOrderFamily
Grania36970243BAnnelidaClitellataEnchytraeidaCaenogastropoda
 Tubificoides amplivasatus13757043BAnnelidaClitellataHaplotaxidaTubificidae
 Tubificoides insularis13757843BAnnelidaClitellataHaplotaxidaTubificidae
 Tubificoides pseudogaster13758243BAnnelidaClitellataHaplotaxidaTubificidae
 Oligochaeta203643BAnnelidaClitellata
 Cossura longocirrata12998423SAnnelidaPolychaetaCossuridae
 Chirimia biceps13027732UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
 Clymenura lankesteri13028431UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
Euclymene12934731UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
Lumbriclymene12935031UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
Nicomache12935731UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
Rhodine12936331UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
 Ophelia borealis13049143BAnnelidaPolychaetaOpheliidae
 Ophelina cylindricaudata46571443BAnnelidaPolychaetaOpheliidae
 Ophelina modesta13050743BAnnelidaPolychaetaOpheliidae
 Ophelina norvegica13050843BAnnelidaPolychaetaOpheliidae
 Travisia forbesii13051243BAnnelidaPolychaetaOpheliidae
 Orbinia norvegica15627843BAnnelidaPolychaetaOrbiniidae
 Aricidea (Acmira) laubieri32658723SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
 Aricidea (Allia) roberti32659823SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
 Aricidea (Aricidea) wassi32660523SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
 Aricidea simonae13057023SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
 Aricidea suecica13057223SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
 Cirrophorus armatus15233923SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
 Paraonis fulgens14693223SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
Polygordius12947222SAnnelidaPolychaetaPolygordiidae
 Protodriloides chaetifer13083722SAnnelidaPolychaetaProtodriloididae
 Polyphysia crassa13097744BAnnelidaPolychaetaScalibregmatidae
 Paramphinome jeffreysii12983743BAnnelidaPolychaetaAmphinomidaAmphinomidae
 Pareurythoe borealis12983843BAnnelidaPolychaetaAmphinomidaAmphinomidae
 Euphrosine foliosa13008323SAnnelidaPolychaetaAmphinomidaEuphrosinidae
Capitellida89032UCAnnelidaPolychaetaCapitellida
Ophryotrocha12926643BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaDorvilleidae
 Parougia caeca13003643BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaDorvilleidae
 Parougia eliasoni13003743BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaDorvilleidae
 Parougia nigridentata13003943BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaDorvilleidae
 Protodorvillea kefersteini13004143BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaDorvilleidae
Schistomeringos12927443BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaDorvilleidae
 Schistomeringos rudolphii15412743BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaDorvilleidae
Eunice12927843BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaEunicidae
 Eunice dubitata13005543BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaEunicidae
 Eunice pennata13006043BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaEunicidae
Eunicidae96643BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaEunicidae
 Lysidice ninetta13007143BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaEunicidae
Marphysa12928143BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaEunicidae
 Marphysa bellii13007243BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaEunicidae
 Nematonereis unicornis59495743BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaEunicidae
Abyssoninoe12933143BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaLumbrineridae
 Abyssoninoe hibernica14646943BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaLumbrineridae
 Lumbrineriopsis paradoxa13023543BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaLumbrineridae
Lumbrineris12933743BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaLumbrineridae
 Lumbrineris agastos13023643BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaLumbrineridae
 Lumbrineris aniara13023843BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaLumbrineridae
 Lumbrineris fragilis15228543BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaLumbrineridae
 Lumbrineris gracilis13024443BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaLumbrineridae
 Lumbrineris latreilli13024843BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaLumbrineridae
 Lumbrineris magnidentata15536043BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaLumbrineridae
 Ninoe armoricana13025443BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaLumbrineridae
Scoletoma12934043BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaLumbrineridae
 Scoletoma impatiens13026343BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaLumbrineridae
 Arabella12919943BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaOenonidae
 Arabella iricolor12985443BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaOenonidae
Drilonereis12920043BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaOenonidae
 Drilonereis filum12985643BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaOenonidae
 Hyalinoecia tubicola13046423SAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaOnuphidae
 Nothria conchylega13046723SAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaOnuphidae
 Nothria hyperborea18150023SAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaOnuphidae
Onuphis12940423SAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaOnuphidae
 Paradiopatra /quadricuspis13048023SAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicidaOnuphidae
Eunicida89543BAnnelidaPolychaetaEunicida
 Eupanthalis kinbergi12973543BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaAcoetidae
 Aphrodita aculeata12984043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaAphroditidae
Aphroditidae93843BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaAphroditidae
Glycera12929643BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGlyceridae
 Glycera alba13011643BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGlyceridae
 Glycera celtica13011943BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGlyceridae
 Glycera fallax33690843BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGlyceridae
 Glycera gigantea13012243BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGlyceridae
 Glycera lapidum13012343BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGlyceridae
 Glycera oxycephala13012643BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGlyceridae
 Glycera rouxii13012743BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGlyceridae
 Glycera tesselata13012843BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGlyceridae
 Glycera tridactyla13013043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGlyceridae
 Glycera unicornis13013143BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGlyceridae
Glyceridae95243BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGlyceridae
 Glycinde nordmanni13013643BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGoniadidae
Goniada12930043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGoniadidae
 Goniada maculata13014043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGoniadidae
Goniadella12930143BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGoniadidae
 Goniadella gracilis13014543BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaGoniadidae
Gyptis12930743BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaHesionidae
Hesionidae94643BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaHesionidae
 Kefersteinia cirrata13016443BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaHesionidae
Microphthalmus12931323SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaHesionidae
 Microphthalmus similis13017623SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaHesionidae
 Nereimyra punctata13018543BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaHesionidae
 Oxydromus agilis71068343BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaHesionidae
 Oxydromus flexuosus71068043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaHesionidae
 Podarkeopsis capensis13019543BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaHesionidae
 Psamathe fusca15224943BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaHesionidae
 Syllidia armata13019843BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaHesionidae
 Aglaophamus agilis13034343BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNephtyidae
Nephtyidae95643BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNephtyidae
Nephtys12937043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNephtyidae
 Nephtys assimilis13035343BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNephtyidae
 Nephtys caeca13035543BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNephtyidae
 Nephtys cirrosa13035743BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNephtyidae
 Nephtys hombergii13035943BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNephtyidae
 Nephtys hystricis13036043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNephtyidae
 Nephtys incisa13036243BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNephtyidae
 Nephtys kersivalensis13036343BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNephtyidae
 Nephtys longosetosa13036443BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNephtyidae
 Nephtys paradoxa13036543BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNephtyidae
Nereididae2249644BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNereidae
 Alitta succinea23485044BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNereididae
 Ceratocephale loveni13036743BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNereididae
 Eunereis elittoralis13037444BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNereididae
 Eunereis longissima13037544BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNereididae
 Hediste diversicolor15230244BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNereididae
 Micronereis variegata13038044BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNereididae
 Neanthes fucata13038744BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNereididae
 Neanthes irrorata13038944BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNereididae
Nereis12937944BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNereididae
 Nereis pelagica13040444BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNereididae
Nereis zonata13040744BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNereididae
 Websterinereis glauca13042644BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaNereididae
 Paralacydonia paradoxa13054522SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaParalacydoniidae
Pholoe12943922SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPholoidae
 Pholoe assimilis13059822SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPholoidae
 Pholoe baltica13059922SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPholoidae
 Pholoe inornata13060122SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPholoidae
 Pholoe minuta13060322SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPholoidae
 Pholoe pallida13060422SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPholoidae
 Chaetoparia nilssoni13061043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
Eteone12944343BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Eteone barbata23187043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Eteone flava13061343BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Eteone foliosa13061443BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Eteone longa13061643BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
Eulalia12944543BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Eulalia mustela13063143BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Eulalia viridis13063943BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
Eumida12944643BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Eumida bahusiensis13064143BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Eumida sanguinea13064443BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Hesionura elongata13064943BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Hypereteone foliosa15225043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Mysta picta14702643BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Nereiphylla rubiginosa13065943BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Paranaitis kosteriensis13066243BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
Phyllodoce12945543BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Phyllodoce (Anaitides) groenlandica13066843BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Phyllodoce groenlandica33450643BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Phyllodoce laminosa13067043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Phyllodoce lineata33450843BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Phyllodoce longipes13067343BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Phyllodoce maculata33451043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Phyllodoce mucosa33451243BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Phyllodoce rosea33451443BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
Phyllodocidae93143BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Pirakia punctifera14710443BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Pseudomystides limbata13068343BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Sige fusigera13069043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPhyllodocidae
 Ancistargis hamata13069243BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPilargidae
 Ancistrosyllis groenlandica13069543BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPilargidae
 Glyphohesione klatti13069643BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPilargidae
 Pilargis verrucosa13070043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPilargidae
 Sigambra parva13070243BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPilargidae
 Pisione remota13070743BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPisionidae
 Acholoe squamosa14647443BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Alentia gelatinosa13072243BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Enipo elisabethae13073743BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Enipo kinbergi13073843BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Enipo kinbergi13073843BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Eunoe nodosa13074543BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Gattyana amondseni13074843BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Gattyana cirrhosa13074943BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
Harmothoe12949143BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Harmothoe extenuata13076243BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Harmothoe fraserthomsoni13076443BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Harmothoe glabra57183243BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Harmothoe impar13077043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Lepidonotus squamatus13080111EAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
Malmgrenia14700643BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Malmgrenia andreapolis14700843BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
Malmgreniella12949943BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Malmgreniella arenicolae13081043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Malmgreniella castanea13081143BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Malmgreniella darbouxi13081243BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Malmgreniella lilianae13081443BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Malmgreniella ljungmani13081543BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Malmgreniella lunulata13081643BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Malmgreniella mcintoshi13081843BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Malmgreniella polypapillata23671243BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
Polynoidae93943BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
Polynoinae15509143BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaPolynoidae
 Labioleanira yhleni13106743BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSigalionidae
 Neoleanira tetragona13106943BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSigalionidae
 Sigalion mathildae13107243BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSigalionidae
Sigalionidae94343BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSigalionidae
Sthenelais12959543BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSigalionidae
 Sthenelais boa13107443BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSigalionidae
 Sthenelais limicola13107743BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSigalionidae
 Ephesiella abyssorum13108143BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSphaerodoridae
 Sphaerodorum gracilis13110043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSphaerodoridae
 Erinaceusyllis erinaceus19595323SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Eurysyllis tuberculata13128843BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Eusyllis assimilis13128943BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Eusyllis blomstrandi13129043BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Exogone (Exogone) naidina13130443BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Exogone (Exogone) verugera13130743BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Exogone (Parexogone) hebes13130243BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
Myrianida12965922SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Myrianida prolifera23820022SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Odontosyllis ctenostoma13132543BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Odontosyllis gibba13132843BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
Pionosyllis12966943BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
Proceraea12967122SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Prosphaerosyllis tetralix19598023SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Sphaerosyllis bulbosa13137923SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Sphaerosyllis hystrix13138823SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Sphaerosyllis taylori13139423SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Streptodonta pterochaeta23820743BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Streptosyllis websteri13140223SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
Syllidae94823SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Syllides benedicti13140523SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
Syllis12968023SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Syllis armillaris13141523SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Syllis cornuta15758343BAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Syllis gracilis13143523SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Syllis hyalina13143623SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Syllis prolifera13145223SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Trypanosyllis (Trypanosyllis) coeliaca33515123SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Trypanosyllis zebra13146723SAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaSyllidae
 Tomopteris (Johnstonella) helgolandica33494612EAnnelidaPolychaetaPhyllodocidaTomopteridae
 Galathowenia oculata14695021SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaOweniidae
Myriochele12942621SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaOweniidae
 Myriochele heeri13054221SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaOweniidae
 Owenia fusiformis13054421SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaOweniidae
Oweniidae97521SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaOweniidae
 Sabellaria spinulosa13086711EAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellariidae
Sabellariidae97911EAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellariidae
 Branchiomma bombyx13087822SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
Chone12952521SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
 Chone acustica13088521SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
 Chone duneri13088821SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
Euchone12952821SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
 Euchone rubrocincta13090921SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
 Euchone southerni13091021SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
 Jasmineira candela13091921SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
 Jasmineira caudata13092021SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
 Jasmineira elegans13092121SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
 Paradialychone filicaudata55874321SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
 Potamethus murrayi41650821SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
 Potamilla reniformis15538921SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
 Pseudopotamilla reniformis13096321SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
 Sabella pavonina13096721SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
Sabellidae98521SAnnelidaPolychaetaSabellidaSabellidae
Apistobranchus12919823SAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaApistobranchidae
 Apistobranchus tenuis12985023SAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaApistobranchidae
 Apistobranchus tullbergi12985123SAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaApistobranchidae
Chaetopteridae91831UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaChaetopteridae
 Chaetopterus variopedatus12991431UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaChaetopteridae
 Spiochaetopterus costarum12992231UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaChaetopteridae
 Spiochaetopterus typicus12992431UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaChaetopteridae
Magelona12934122SAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaMagelonidae
 Magelona alleni13026621SAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaMagelonidae
 Magelona filiformis13026822SAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaMagelonidae
 Magelona johnstoni13026922SAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaMagelonidae
 Magelona minuta13027022SAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaMagelonidae
 Magelona mirabilis13027122SAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaMagelonidae
Magelonidae91422SAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaMagelonidae
Poecilochaetidae91622SAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaPoecilochaetidae
 Poecilochaetus serpens13071122SAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaPoecilochaetidae
Aonides12960532UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Aonides oxycephala13110632UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Aonides paucibranchiata13110732UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Aurospio banyulensis14653232UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Dipolydora caulleryi13111643BAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Dipolydora coeca13111731UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Dipolydora socialis13112443BAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
Laonice12961331UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Laonice bahusiensis13112731UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Laonice cirrata13112831UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Laonice sarsi13112931UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Malacoceros fuliginosus13113132UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Microspio atlantica13113732UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Minuspio cirrifera15239232UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Paraprionospio pinnata13114032UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Paraspio decorata33439732UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
Polydora12961931UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Polydora ciliata13114131UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Polydora cornuta13114331UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
Prionospio12962032UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Prionospio caspersi13115232UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Prionospio cirrifera13115332UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Prionospio dubia13115532UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Prionospio ehlersi13115632UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Prionospio fallax13115732UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Prionospio malmgreni13115932UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Prionospio multibranchiata13116032UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Prionospio saldanha33854032UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Prionospio sexoculata13116332UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Prionospio steenstrupi13116432UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Pseudopolydora antennata13116631UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata13116831UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Pseudopolydora pulchra13116931UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Pygospio elegans13117031UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
Scolelepis12962332UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Scolelepis (Scolelepis) foliosa33474132UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Scolelepis (Scolelepis) squamata15756632UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Scolelepis bonnieri13117132UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Scolelepis korsuni13117432UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Scolelepis tridentata13117832UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
Spio12962532UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Spio armata13118032UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Spio filicornis13118332UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Spio goniocephala13118432UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Spio martinensis13118532UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Spio multioculata13118632UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
Spionidae91332UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
Spiophanes12962631UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Spiophanes bombyx13118731UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Spiophanes kroyeri13118831UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Spiophanes wigleyi13119031UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Streblospio benedicti13119132UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaSpionidaSpionidae
 Macrochaeta clavicornis12974522SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAcrocirridae
 Macrochaeta helgolandica12974622SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAcrocirridae
Ampharete12915532UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Ampharete acutifrons12977532UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Ampharete baltica12977632UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Ampharete falcata12977732UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Ampharete finmarchica12977832UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Ampharete grubei15227232UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
Ampharetidae98132UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Amphicteis gunneri12978432UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Amphicteis midas12978532UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Amythasides macroglossus12978832UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Anobothrus gracilis12978931UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Melinna cristata12980431UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Melinna elisabethae12980531UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Melinna palmata12980831UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Mugga wahrbergi12981332UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Pterolysippe vanelli33469231UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Samytha sexcirrata12981932UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
 Sosane sulcata12982132UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaAmpharetidae
Aphelochaeta12924022SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
 Aphelochaeta filiformis12993722SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
 Aphelochaeta marioni12993822SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
Caulleriella12924122SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
 Caulleriella alata12994322SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
 Caulleriella bioculata12994422SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
 Caulleriella killariensis12994522SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
 Caulleriella zetlandica12994822SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
 Caulleriella zetlandica12994822SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
Chaetozone12924222SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
 Chaetozone christiei15221722SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
 Chaetozone gibber12995322SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
 Chaetozone setosa12995522SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
Cirratulidae91922SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
Cirratulus12924322SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
 Cirratulus caudatus12995722SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
 Cirriformia tentaculata12996422SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
 Monticellina dorsobranchialis12997222SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
 Monticellina heterochaeta12997322SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
Tharyx12924922SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaCirratulidae
Fauveliopsis12928822SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaFauveliopsidae
 Brada villosa13009932UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaFlabelligeridae
 Diplocirrus glaucus13010032UCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaFlabelligeridae
Flabelligeridae97632UCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaFlabelligeridae
 Pherusa monilifera13011232UCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaFlabelligeridae
 Pherusa plumosa13011332UCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaFlabelligeridae
 Amphictene auricoma15244831UCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaPectinariidae
 Lagis koreni15236731UCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaPectinariidae
Pectinaria12943731UCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaPectinariidae
 Pectinaria (Amphictene) auricoma13059031UCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaPectinariidae
Pectinariidae98031UCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaPectinariidae
 Sternaspis scutata13124243BAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaSternaspidae
 Amaeana trilobata13147131UC/DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Axionice maculata13148431DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Eupolymnia nesidensis13149011EAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Hauchiella tribullata15238931DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
Lanice12969731DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Lanice conchilega13149531DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Lysilla loveni13150031DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Neoamphitrite affinis13150231DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Nicolea zostericola13150831DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Paramphitrite birulai15245422SAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Phisidia aurea13151331DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Pista cristata13151631DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Pista lornensis15497231DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Pistella lornensis13152231DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
Polycirrus12971031DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Polycirrus medusa13153131DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Streblosoma bairdi13153831DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Streblosoma intestinale13154031DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
Terebella12971331DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
Terebellidae98231DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Thelepus cincinnatus13154331DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Thelepus setosus13154431DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTerebellidae
 Terebellides stroemii13157331DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTrichobranchidae
 Trichobranchidae98331DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTrichobranchidae
 Trichobranchus glacialis13157431DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTrichobranchidae
 Trichobranchus roseus13157531DCAnnelidaPolychaetaTerebellidaTrichobranchidae
Arenicolides12920732UCAnnelidaPolychaetaArenicolidae
Capitella12921132UCAnnelidaPolychaetaCapitellidae
 Capitella capitata12987632UCAnnelidaPolychaetaCapitellidae
 Capitella minima12987932UCAnnelidaPolychaetaCapitellidae
Capitellidae92132UCAnnelidaPolychaetaCapitellidae
 Heteromastus filiformis12988432UCAnnelidaPolychaetaCapitellidae
 Mediomastus fragilis12989232UCAnnelidaPolychaetaCapitellidae
Notomastus12922032UCAnnelidaPolychaetaCapitellidae
 Notomastus latericeus12989832UCAnnelidaPolychaetaCapitellidae
 Peresiella clymenoides12990632UCAnnelidaPolychaetaCapitellidae
 Pseudoleiocapitella12922632UCAnnelidaPolychaetaCapitellidae
Cossuridae90823SAnnelidaPolychaetaCossuridae
 Asychis biceps14652331UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
 Clymenella torquata13027931UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
Clymenura12934631UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
 Euclymene droebachiensis13029131UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
 Euclymene lombricoides20989931UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
 Euclymene oerstedi13029431UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
 Heteroclymene robusta14697831UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
 Johnstonia clymenoides13029831UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
 Macroclymene santandarensis13030131UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
Maldanidae92331UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
Notoproctus12935831UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
 Praxillella affinis13032231UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
 Praxillella gracilis13032431UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
 Rhodine gracilior13033031UCAnnelidaPolychaetaMaldanidae
 Euzonus flabelligerus13048743BAnnelidaPolychaetaOpheliidae
 Ophelia limacina13049443BAnnelidaPolychaetaOpheliidae
Opheliidae92443BAnnelidaPolychaetaOpheliidae
 Ophelina acuminata13050043BAnnelidaPolychaetaOpheliidae
 Polyophthalmus pictus13051043BAnnelidaPolychaetaOpheliidae
 Orbinia (Orbinia) sertulata33431043BAnnelidaPolychaetaOrbiniidae
Orbiniidae90243BAnnelidaPolychaetaOrbiniidae
Scoloplos12942543BAnnelidaPolychaetaOrbiniidae
 Scoloplos (Scoloplos) armiger33477243BAnnelidaPolychaetaOrbiniidae
 Aedicira mediterranea13054623SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
Aricidea12943023SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
 Aricidea (Acmira) catherinae33303423SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
 Aricidea (Acmira) cerrutii52549723SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
 Aricidea (Acmira) lopezi33303623SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
 Aricidea minuta13056423SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
 Cirrophorus branchiatus13057623SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
 Levinsenia gracilis13057823SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
 Paradoneis lyra13058523SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
Paraonidae90323SAnnelidaPolychaetaParaonidae
 Polygordius appendiculatus13071222SAnnelidaPolychaetaPolygordiidae
 Polygordius lacteus13071422SAnnelidaPolychaetaPolygordiidae
Protodriloides12951322SAnnelidaPolychaetaProtodriloididae
 Asclerocheilus intermedius13097444BAnnelidaPolychaetaScalibregmatidae
 Scalibregma celticum13097944BAnnelidaPolychaetaScalibregmatidae
 Scalibregma inflatum13098044BAnnelidaPolychaetaScalibregmatidae
Scalibregmatidae92544BAnnelidaPolychaetaScalibregmatidae
Acidostoma10158623SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAcidostomatidae
Ampelisca10144521SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmpeliscidae
 Ampelisca armoricana10188821SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmpeliscidae
 Ampelisca brevicornis10189121SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmpeliscidae
 Ampelisca diadema10189621SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmpeliscidae
 Ampelisca gibba10189821SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmpeliscidae
 Ampelisca macrocephala10190821SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmpeliscidae
 Ampelisca sarsi10192321SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmpeliscidae
 Ampelisca spinipes10192821SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmpeliscidae
 Ampelisca tenuicornis10193021SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmpeliscidae
 Ampelisca typica10193321SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmpeliscidae
 Ampelisca vervecei10193721SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmpeliscidae
Byblis10144624SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmpeliscidae
 Haploops tubicola10195821SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmpeliscidae
 Amphilochoides boecki10196023BArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmphilochidae
 Amphilochoides serratipes10196323BArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmphilochidae
 Amphilochus manudens10196723BArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmphilochidae
Amphilochus neapolitanus10196823BArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmphilochidae
 Gitana sarsi10197723BArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmphilochidae
 Paramphilochoides odontonyx10198223BArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmphilochidae
 Ampithoe ramondi10200011EArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAmpithoidae
 Aora gracilis10201213SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAoridae
 Aora typica14689513SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAoridae
Aoridae10136813SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAoridae
 Autonoe longipes10202113SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAoridae
Microdeutopus10147113SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAoridae
 Argissa hamatipes10206423SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaArgissidae
Atylus10149723SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAtylidae
 Atylus guttatus10212723SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAtylidae
 Atylus swammerdami10213123SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAtylidae
 Atylus vedlomensis10213223SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAtylidae
 Nototropis falcatus10213923SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaAtylidae
Apherusa10150923SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCalliopiidae
 Apherusa bispinosa10216023SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCalliopiidae
 Apherusa clevei10216423SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCalliopiidae
 Apherusa jurinei10216823SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCalliopiidae
 Apherusa ovalipes10217223SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCalliopiidae
 Caprella acanthifera10182222SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCaprellidae
 Caprella linearis10183922SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCaprellidae
 Pariambus typicus10185722SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCaprellidae
 Parvipalpus capillaceus10185822SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCaprellidae
 Phtisica marina10186422SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCaprellidae
 Pseudoprotella phasma10187122SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCaprellidae
Cheirocratus10166923SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCheirocratidae
 Cheirocratus intermedius10279523SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCheirocratidae
 Cheirocratus sundevalli10279823SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCheirocratidae
 Apocorophium lacustre14859424SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCorophiidae
Corophium10148924SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCorophiidae
 Crassicorophium bonellii23700424SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCorophiidae
Leptocheirus10147024SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCorophiidae
 Leptocheirus hirsutimanus10203624SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCorophiidae
 Leptocheirus mariae10203824SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCorophiidae
 Leptocheirus pectinatus10203924SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCorophiidae
 Leptocheirus tricristatus10204124SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCorophiidae
 Medicorophium affine42350724SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCorophiidae
 Monocorophium acherusicum22581424SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCorophiidae
 Monocorophium insidiosum14859224SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCorophiidae
 Monocorophium sextonae14860324SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCorophiidae
Protomedeia10157424SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCorophiidae
 Peltocoxa brevirostris10198323SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaCyproideidae
Dexamine10149823SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaDexaminidae
 Dexamine spinosa10213523SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaDexaminidae
 Guernea (Guernea) coalita10213723SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaDexaminidae
 Tritaeta gibbosa10214123SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaDexaminidae
Dyopedos10173623SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaDulichiidae
 Dyopedos monacantha10304223SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaDulichiidae
 Eusirus longipes10220223SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaEusiridae
 Haustorius arenarius10231723SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaHaustoriidae
 Hyperia galba10325123SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaHyperiidae
Iphimedia10155423SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaIphimediidae
 Iphimedia minuta10234523SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaIphimediidae
 Iphimedia obesa10234723SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaIphimediidae
 Ericthonius punctatus10240821SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaIschyroceridae
 Jassa falcata10243111EArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaIschyroceridae
 Siphonoecetes (Centraloecetes) kroyeranus10211121SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaIschyroceridae
 Siphonoecetes (Centraloecetes) neapolitanus10211221SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaIschyroceridae
 Siphonoecetes (Centraloecetes) striatus10211511SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaIschyroceridae
 Leucothoe incisa10246023SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLeucothoidae
 Leucothoe lilljeborgi10246223SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLeucothoidae
 Leucothoe richiardii21278423SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLeucothoidae
 Leucothoe spinicarpa10247023SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLeucothoidae
Liljeborgia10158223SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLiljeborgiidae
 Liljeborgia kinahani10248323SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLiljeborgiidae
 Liljeborgia pallida10248523SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLiljeborgiidae
 Liljeborgia psaltrica10248623SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLiljeborgiidae
 Listriella mollis10248823SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLiljeborgiidae
 Hippomedon bidentatus10256923SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLysianassidae
 Hippomedon denticulatus10257023SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLysianassidae
 Hippomedon massiliensis10257623SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLysianassidae
 Lepidepecreum longicornis10259923SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLysianassidae
Lysianassidae10139523SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLysianassidae
 Orchomene humilis10266523SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLysianassidae
 Orchomenella nana10269123SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLysianassidae
 Tryphosella sarsi10277123SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLysianassidae
 Tryphosella simillima10277323SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLysianassidae
 Tryphosites longipes10277923SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLysianassidae
 Acidostoma nodiferum10249623SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLysianassidae s.l.
 Acidostoma obesum10249723SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaLysianassidae s.l.
 Animoceradocus semiserratus53136423SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaMaeridae
Maera10167523SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaMaeridae
 Maera grossimana10281523SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaMaeridae
 Maera loveni10282023SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaMaeridae
 Maera schmidti10282623SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaMaeridae
 Othomaera othonis53478123SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaMaeridae
 Megaluropus agilis10278323SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaMegaluropidae
 Abludomelita obtusata10278822SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaMelitidae
 Eriopisa elongata10280722SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaMelitidae
 Maerella tenuimana10283122SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaMelitidae
Microprotopus10156123SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaMicroprotopidae
 Microprotopus maculatus10238023SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaMicroprotopidae
 Odius carinatus10286113EArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaOdiidae
 Deflexilodes acutipes23653823SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaOedicerotidae
 Deflexilodes gibbosus23653923SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaOedicerotidae
 Monoculodes carinatus10288223SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaOedicerotidae
 Perioculodes longimanus10291523SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaOedicerotidae
 Pontocrates altamarinus10291623SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaOedicerotidae
 Pontocrates arenarius10291823SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaOedicerotidae
 Synchelidium haplocheles10292422SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaOedicerotidae
 Synchelidium maculatum10292822SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaOedicerotidae
 Westwoodilla caecula10293223BArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaOedicerotidae
 Westwoodilla rectirostris10293723BArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaOedicerotidae
 Gammaropsis cornuta14854522SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhotidae
 Gammaropsis maculata10236422SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhotidae
 Gammaropsis nitida10236712SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhotidae
 Gammaropsis palmata10236922SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhotidae
 Gammaropsis sophiae10237122SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhotidae
 Megamphopus cornutus10237723SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhotidae
 Photis longicaudata10238321SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhotidae
 Photis reinhardi10238721SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhotidae
Harpinia10171623SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhoxocephalidae
 Harpinia agna10295723SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhoxocephalidae
 Harpinia ala10295823SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhoxocephalidae
 Harpinia antennaria10296023SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhoxocephalidae
 Harpinia crenulata10296323SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhoxocephalidae
 Harpinia dellavallei10296623SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhoxocephalidae
 Harpinia pectinata10297223SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhoxocephalidae
 Harpinia plumosa10297323SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhoxocephalidae
Metaphoxus10172023SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhoxocephalidae
 Metaphoxus pectinatus10298323SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhoxocephalidae
 Parametaphoxus tulearensis54907923SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhoxocephalidae
 Phoxocephalus holbolli10298923SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPhoxocephalidae
Pleustidae10140423SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPleustidae
Bathyporeia10174223SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPontoporeiidae
 Bathyporeia elegans10305823SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPontoporeiidae
 Bathyporeia guilliamsoniana10306023SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPontoporeiidae
 Bathyporeia nana10306423SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPontoporeiidae
 Bathyporeia pelagica10306623SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPontoporeiidae
 Bathyporeia pilosa10306823SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPontoporeiidae
 Bathyporeia sarsi10307323SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPontoporeiidae
 Bathyporeia tenuipes10307623SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaPontoporeiidae
 Scopelocheirus hopei10272023SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaScopelocheiridae
 Stegocephaloides christianiensis10310223SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaStegocephalidae
Metopa10176423SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaStenothoidae
 Metopa alderi10311623SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaStenothoidae
 Metopa latimana10312523SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaStenothoidae
 Stenothoe marina10316623SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaStenothoidae
 Austrosyrrhoe fimbriatus10317923SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaSynopiidae
 Unciola crenatipalma10205723BArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaUnciolidae
 Unciola planipes10206123BArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaUnciolidae
 Tmetonyx cicada10273621BArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaUristidae
Urothoe10178923SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaUrothoidae
 Urothoe brevicornis10322623SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaUrothoidae
 Urothoe elegans10322823SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaUrothoidae
 Urothoe marina10323323SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaUrothoidae
 Urothoe poseidonis10323523SArthropodaMalacostracaAmphipodaUrothoidae
 Bodotria scorpioides11044523SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaBodotriidae
Iphinoe11039123SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaBodotriidae
 Iphinoe serrata11046023SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaBodotriidae
 Iphinoe tenella11046123SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaBodotriidae
 Iphinoe trispinosa11046223SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaBodotriidae
Diastylidae11038023SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaDiastylidae
Diastylis11039823SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaDiastylidae
 Diastylis bradyi11047223SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaDiastylidae
 Diastylis cornuta11047423SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaDiastylidae
 Diastylis laevis11048123SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaDiastylidae
 Diastylis lucifera11048323SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaDiastylidae
 Diastylis neapolitana11048423SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaDiastylidae
 Diastylis rathkei11048723SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaDiastylidae
 Diastylis rugosa11048823SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaDiastylidae
 Diastyloides biplicatus11049422SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaDiastylidae
 Hemilamprops roseus11051423SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaLampropidae
 Lamprops fasciatus11051623SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaLampropidae
 Eudorella emarginata11052423SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaLeuconidae
 Eudorella truncatula11053523SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaLeuconidae
 Eudorellopsis deformis11053623SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaLeuconidae
 Leucon (Leucon) nasica11061823SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaLeuconidae
 Cumella (Cumella) pygmaea11056723SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaNannastacidae
 Nannastacus unguiculatus11057423SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaNannastacidae
 Monopseudocuma gilsoni42291623SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaPseudocumatidae
Pseudocuma11042723SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaPseudocumatidae
 Pseudocuma (Pseudocuma) longicorne11062723SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaPseudocumatidae
 Pseudocuma (Pseudocuma) simile11062823SArthropodaMalacostracaCumaceaPseudocumatidae
 Alpheus glaber10747744BArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaAlpheidae
 Athanas nitescens10748622SArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaAlpheidae
 Aristaeomorpha foliacea15832614EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaAristeidae
 Atelecyclus rotundatus10727354RArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaAtelecyclidae
 Calocaris macandreae10772644BArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaAxiidae
Callianassa10707244BArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaCallianassidae
 Callianassa subterranea10772944BArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaCallianassidae
Callianassidae10680044BArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaCallianassidae
 Pestarella tyrrhena23802744BArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaCallianassidae
 Corystes cassivelaunus10727754RArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaCorystidae
Crangon10700724SArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaCrangonidae
 Crangon allmanni10755124SArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaCrangonidae
 Crangon crangon10755224SArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaCrangonidae
Crangonidae10678224SArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaCrangonidae
 Philocheras bispinosus bispinosus10820724SArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaCrangonidae
 Philocheras trispinosus10756224SArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaCrangonidae
 Diogenes pugilator10719914EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaDiogenidae
Galathea10683443BArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaGalatheidae
 Galathea dispersa10714843BArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaGalatheidae
 Galathea intermedia10715043BArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaGalatheidae
 Eualus cranchii15608324SArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaHippolytidae
Inachus10690513EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaInachidae
 Inachus dorsettensis10732713EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaInachidae
Macropodia20507713EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaInachidae
 Macropodia deflexa10733813EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaInachidae
 Macropodia rostrata10734513EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaInachidae
 Jaxea nocturna10773744BArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaLaomediidae
Ebalia10688913EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaLeucosiidae
 Ebalia cranchii10729413EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaLeucosiidae
 Ebalia granulosa10729813EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaLeucosiidae
 Ebalia tuberosa10730113EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaLeucosiidae
 Nephrops norvegicus10725444BArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaNephropidae
Anapagurus10684914EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPaguridae
 Anapagurus bicorniger10721314EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPaguridae
 Anapagurus laevis10721814EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPaguridae
Paguridae10673814EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPaguridae
Pagurus10685414EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPaguridae
 Pagurus bernhardus10723214EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPaguridae
 Pagurus cuanensis10723514EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPaguridae
 Palaemon elegans10761414EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPalaemonidae
 Pandalus montagui10765114EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPandalidae
 Pilumnus hirtellus10741823SArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPilumnidae
Liocarcinus10692554RArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPolybiidae
 Liocarcinus depurator10738754RArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPolybiidae
 Liocarcinus holsatus10738854RArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPolybiidae
 Liocarcinus marmoreus10739054RArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPolybiidae
 Liocarcinus navigator10739254RArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPolybiidae
 Liocarcinus pusillus10739354RArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPolybiidae
 Pisidia longicornis10718813EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPorcellanidae
 Carcinus maenas10738154RArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaPortunidae
Processa10705414EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaProcessidae
 Processa acutirostris10768114EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaProcessidae
 Processa canaliculata10768214EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaProcessidae
 Processa elegantula10768414EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaProcessidae
 Processa modica modica10834314EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaProcessidae
 Processa nouveli holthuisi10834414EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaProcessidae
 Solenocera membranacea10712014EArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaSolenoceridae
 Thia scutellata10728124SArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaThiidae
 Upogebia deltaura10773934DCArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaUpogebiidae
 Upogebia pusilla10774134DCArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaUpogebiidae
 Upogebia stellata10774234DCArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaUpogebiidae
Upogebiidae10680334DCArthropodaMalacostracaDecapodaUpogebiidae
 Anthura gracilis11846722SArthropodaMalacostracaIsopodaAnthuridae
 Astacilla longicornis11902443BArthropodaMalacostracaIsopodaArcturidae
 Cirolana cranchi11883923SArthropodaMalacostracaIsopodaCirolanidae
 Conilera cylindracea11884212EArthropodaMalacostracaIsopodaCirolanidae
 Eurydice pulchra11885223SArthropodaMalacostracaIsopodaCirolanidae
 Eurydice spinigera14863723SArthropodaMalacostracaIsopodaCirolanidae
 Natatolana borealis11885923SArthropodaMalacostracaIsopodaCirolanidae
 Gnathia maxillaris11899423SArthropodaMalacostracaIsopodaGnathiidae
 Gnathia oxyuraea11899523SArthropodaMalacostracaIsopodaGnathiidae
Gnathiidae11827823SArthropodaMalacostracaIsopodaGnathiidae
 Paragnathia formica11900123SArthropodaMalacostracaIsopodaGnathiidae
Idotea11845423SArthropodaMalacostracaIsopodaIdoteidae
 Janira maculosa11873223SArthropodaMalacostracaIsopodaJaniridae
 Sphaeroma serratum11897323SArthropodaMalacostracaIsopodaSphaeromatidae
 Gastrosaccus spinifer12002023SArthropodaMalacostracaMysidaMysidae
 Haplostylus normani14869811EArthropodaMalacostracaMysidaMysidae
 Nebalia bipes14703213EArthropodaMalacostracaNebaliaceaNebaliidae
 Apseudes spinosus13628422SArthropodaMalacostracaTanaidaceaApseudidae
 Apseudes talpa13628522SArthropodaMalacostracaTanaidaceaApseudidae
 Apseudopsis latreillii24707722SArthropodaMalacostracaTanaidaceaApseudidae
 Akanthophoreus gracilis13634022SArthropodaMalacostracaTanaidaceaLeptognathiidae
 Pseudoparatanais batei13645722SArthropodaMalacostracaTanaidaceaParatanaoidea incertae sedis
 Tanaopsis graciloides13645822SArthropodaMalacostracaTanaidaceaParatanaoidea incertae sedis
 Pseudosphyrapus anomalus13631922SArthropodaMalacostracaTanaidaceaSphyrapidae
 Tanaissus lilljeborgi13648622SArthropodaMalacostracaTanaidaceaTanaissuidae
Stomatopoda1435544BArthropodaMalacostraca
 Longipedia coronata11636823SArthropodaMaxillopodaHarpacticoidaLongipediidae
 Cylindroleberis mariae23870823SArthropodaOstracodaMyodocopidaCylindroleberididae
 Philomedes (Philomedes) lilljeborgi12846024SArthropodaOstracodaMyodocopidaPhilomedidae
 Philomedes brenda12771823SArthropodaOstracodaMyodocopidaPhilomedidae
Myodocopida210423SArthropodaOstracodaMyodocopida
 Achelia echinata13459922SArthropodaPycnogonidaPantopodaAmmotheidae
 Callipallene brevirostris13464311EArthropodaPycnogonidaPantopodaCallipallenidae
 Nymphon brevirostre15052011SArthropodaPycnogonidaPantopodaNymphonidae
Anoplodactylus13459214EArthropodaPycnogonidaPantopodaPhoxichilidiidae
 Anoplodactylus petiolatus13472314EArthropodaPycnogonidaPantopodaPhoxichilidiidae
 Anoplodactylus virescens13473014EArthropodaPycnogonidaPantopodaPhoxichilidiidae
Pycnogonida130214EArthropodaPycnogonida
 Priapulus caudatus10116042BCephalorhynchaPriapulidaPriapulidae
 Ascidiella aspersa10371811EChordataAscidiaceaPhlebobranchiaAscidiidae
 Eugyra arenosa10376423SChordataAscidiaceaStolidobranchiaMolgulidae
Styelidae10345011EChordataAscidiaceaStolidobranchiaStyelidae
 Branchiostoma lanceolatum10490643BChordataLeptocardiiBranchiostomidae
 Actinia equina10080311ECnidariaAnthozoaActiniariaActiniidae
 Urticina felina10083411ECnidariaAnthozoaActiniariaActiniidae
Edwardsia10073022SCnidariaAnthozoaActiniariaEdwardsiidae
 Edwardsia claparedii10088022SCnidariaAnthozoaActiniariaEdwardsiidae
Edwardsiidae10066522SCnidariaAnthozoaActiniariaEdwardsiidae
 Scolanthus callimorphus10091022SCnidariaAnthozoaActiniariaEdwardsiidae
 Halcampa chrysanthellum10091622SCnidariaAnthozoaActiniariaHalcampidae
 Calliactis parasitica10094622SCnidariaAnthozoaActiniariaHormathiidae
 Sagartia troglodytes10099411ECnidariaAnthozoaActiniariaSagartiidae
Actiniaria136022SCnidariaAnthozoaActiniaria
Cerianthus10078221SCnidariaAnthozoaCerianthariaCerianthidae
 Cerianthus lloydii28379821SCnidariaAnthozoaCerianthariaCerianthidae
 Pteroeides griseum18150422SCnidariaAnthozoaPennatulaceaPennatulidae
 Virgularia mirabilis12853922SCnidariaAnthozoaPennatulaceaVirgulariidae
 Asterias rubens12377613EEchinodermataAsteroideaForcipulatidaAsteriidae
 Astropecten irregularis12386723SEchinodermataAsteroideaPaxillosidaAstropectinidae
 Psammechinus miliaris12431913EEchinodermataEchinoideaCamarodontaParechinidae
 Echinocyamus pusillus12427323SEchinodermataEchinoideaClypeasteroidaEchinocyamidae
Echinidea51053443BEchinodermataEchinoideaEchinoida
 Brissopsis lyrifera12437343BEchinodermataEchinoideaSpatangoidaBrissidae
Echinocardium12342643BEchinodermataEchinoideaSpatangoidaLoveniidae
 Echinocardium cordatum12439243BEchinodermataEchinoideaSpatangoidaLoveniidae
 Echinocardium flavescens12439443BEchinodermataEchinoideaSpatangoidaLoveniidae
 Spatangus purpureus12441843BEchinodermataEchinoideaSpatangoidaSpatangidae
Spatangoida12310643BEchinodermataEchinoideaSpatangoida
 Labidoplax buskii12445523SEchinodermataHolothuroideaApodidaSynaptidae
Leptosynapta12344923SEchinodermataHolothuroideaApodidaSynaptidae
 Leptosynapta bergensis12446223SEchinodermataHolothuroideaApodidaSynaptidae
 Leptosynapta inhaerens12446523SEchinodermataHolothuroideaApodidaSynaptidae
 Oestergrenia digitata15254723SEchinodermataHolothuroideaApodidaSynaptidae
Synaptidae12318223SEchinodermataHolothuroideaApodidaSynaptidae
Leptopentacta12348123SEchinodermataHolothuroideaDendrochirotidaCucumariidae
 Leptopentacta elongata12463523SEchinodermataHolothuroideaDendrochirotidaCucumariidae
 Leptopentacta elongata12463523SEchinodermataHolothuroideaDendrochirotidaCucumariidae
 Leptopentacta tergestina12463623SEchinodermataHolothuroideaDendrochirotidaCucumariidae
 Thyone fusus12467023SEchinodermataHolothuroideaDendrochirotidaCucumariidae
 Amphilepis norvegica12505743BEchinodermataOphiuroideaOphiuridaAmphilepididae
 Acrocnida brachiata23613043BEchinodermataOphiuroideaOphiuridaAmphiuridae
 Amphipholis squamata12506443BEchinodermataOphiuroideaOphiuridaAmphiuridae
Amphiura12361343BEchinodermataOphiuroideaOphiuridaAmphiuridae
 Amphiura (Ophiopeltis) securigera12519543BEchinodermataOphiuroideaOphiuridaAmphiuridae
 Amphiura chiajei12507343BEchinodermataOphiuroideaOphiuridaAmphiuridae
 Amphiura filiformis12508043BEchinodermataOphiuroideaOphiuridaAmphiuridae
 Ophiocomina nigra12502722SEchinodermataOphiuroideaOphiuridaOphiocomidae
 Ophiothrix fragilis12513122SEchinodermataOphiuroideaOphiuridaOphiotrichidae
 Ophiocten affinis12485022SEchinodermataOphiuroideaOphiuridaOphiuridae
Ophiura12357422SEchinodermataOphiuroideaOphiuridaOphiuridae
 Ophiura albida12491322SEchinodermataOphiuroideaOphiuridaOphiuridae
 Ophiura ophiura12492922SEchinodermataOphiuroideaOphiuridaOphiuridae
Ophiuridae12320022SEchinodermataOphiuroideaOphiuridaOphiuridae
 Maxmuelleria gigas11036754REchiuraEchiuroideaBonelliidaBonelliidae
 Echiurus echiurus11037732DCEchiuraEchiuroideaEchiuridaEchiuridae
 Thalassema thalassemum11037532DCEchiuraEchiuroideaEchiuridaEchiuridae
Echiurida11034532DCEchiuraEchiuroideaEchiurida
Echiura126932DCEchiura
 Glandiceps talaboti13761254RHemiChordataEnteropneustaEnteropneustaSpengelidae
Enteroptneusta17873854RHemiChordataEnteropneusta
 Ensis magnus16053922SMolluscaBivalvia[unassigned] EuheterodontaPharidae
 Hiatella arctica14010312EMolluscaBivalvia[unassigned] EuheterodontaHiatellidae
 Saxicavella jeffreysi14010812EMolluscaBivalvia[unassigned] EuheterodontaHiatellidae
Ensis13833322SMolluscaBivalvia[unassigned] EuheterodontaPharidae
 Ensis directus14073222SMolluscaBivalvia[unassigned] EuheterodontaPharidae
 Ensis ensis14073322SMolluscaBivalvia[unassigned] EuheterodontaPharidae
 Pharus legumen14073622SMolluscaBivalvia[unassigned] EuheterodontaPharidae
 Phaxas adriaticus15634322SMolluscaBivalvia[unassigned] EuheterodontaPharidae
 Phaxas pellucidus14073722SMolluscaBivalvia[unassigned] EuheterodontaPharidae
 Cuspidaria obesa13945032UC/DCMolluscaBivalviaAnomalodesmataCuspidariidae
 Lyonsia norwegica14029122SMolluscaBivalviaAnomalodesmataLyonsiidae
 Cochlodesma praetenue18137332DCMolluscaBivalviaAnomalodesmataPeriplomatidae
Thracia13854932DCMolluscaBivalviaAnomalodesmataThraciidae
 Thracia convexa14164432DCMolluscaBivalviaAnomalodesmataThraciidae
 Thracia phaseolina15237832DCMolluscaBivalviaAnomalodesmataThraciidae
 Thracia villosiuscula14165132DCMolluscaBivalviaAnomalodesmataThraciidae
 Glycymeris glycymeris14002522SMolluscaBivalviaArcoidaGlycymerididae
 Limopsis cristata14025311EMolluscaBivalviaArcoidaLimopsidae
 Astarte borealis13881822SMolluscaBivalviaCarditoidaAstartidae
 Astarte montagui13882322SMolluscaBivalviaCarditoidaAstartidae
 Goodallia triangularis13883122SMolluscaBivalviaCarditoidaAstartidae
Arcturellina49219722SMolluscaBivalviaCarditoidaCarditidae
 Limatula gwyni14023712EMolluscaBivalviaLimoidaLimidae
 Limatula subauriculata14024212EMolluscaBivalviaLimoidaLimidae
 Lucinella divaricata14028222SMolluscaBivalviaLucinoidaLucinidae
 Lucinoma borealis14028322SMolluscaBivalviaLucinoidaLucinidae
 Myrtea spinifera14028722SMolluscaBivalviaLucinoidaLucinidae
 Axinulus croulinensis23416132DCMolluscaBivalviaLucinoidaThyasiridae
 Axinulus eumyarius23416232UC/DCMolluscaBivalviaLucinoidaThyasiridae
 Mendicula ferruginosa15290522SMolluscaBivalviaLucinoidaThyasiridae
 Mendicula pygmaea15242422SMolluscaBivalviaLucinoidaThyasiridae
Thyasira13855232DCMolluscaBivalviaLucinoidaThyasiridae
 Thyasira biplicata14165532DCMolluscaBivalviaLucinoidaThyasiridae
 Thyasira equalis14165932DCMolluscaBivalviaLucinoidaThyasiridae
 Thyasira flexuosa14166232DCMolluscaBivalviaLucinoidaThyasiridae
 Thyasira obsoleta14166832DCMolluscaBivalviaLucinoidaThyasiridae
 Thyasira sarsi14167232DCMolluscaBivalviaLucinoidaThyasiridae
 Thyasira succisa14167632DCMolluscaBivalviaLucinoidaThyasiridae
 Corbula gibba13941022SMolluscaBivalviaMyoidaCorbulidae
Mya13821122SMolluscaBivalviaMyoidaMyidae
 Mya arenaria14043022SMolluscaBivalviaMyoidaMyidae
 Mya truncata14043122SMolluscaBivalviaMyoidaMyidae
 Sphenia binghami14043222SMolluscaBivalviaMyoidaMyidae
 Crenella decussata14044023SMolluscaBivalviaMytiloidaMytilidae
 Modiolula phaseolina14046122SMolluscaBivalviaMytiloidaMytilidae
 Modiolus modiolus14046722SMolluscaBivalviaMytiloidaMytilidae
Mytilus13822811EMolluscaBivalviaMytiloidaMytilidae
 Mytilus edulis14048011EMolluscaBivalviaMytiloidaMytilidae
 Nuculana minuta14057723SMolluscaBivalviaNuculanoidaNuculanidae
 Yoldiella lucida14200223SMolluscaBivalviaNuculanoidaYoldiidae
 Ennucula tenuis14058423SMolluscaBivalviaNuculidaNuculidae
Nucula13826223SMolluscaBivalviaNuculidaNuculidae
 Nucula hanleyi14058823SMolluscaBivalviaNuculidaNuculidae
 Nucula nitidosa14058923SMolluscaBivalviaNuculidaNuculidae
 Nucula nucleus14059023SMolluscaBivalviaNuculidaNuculidae
 Nucula sulcata14059223SMolluscaBivalviaNuculidaNuculidae
 Nucula turgida15227423SMolluscaBivalviaNuculidaNuculidae
Nuculidae20423SMolluscaBivalviaNuculidaNuculidae
Anomiidae21411EMolluscaBivalviaPectinoidaAnomiidae
 Monia patelliformis15302722SMolluscaBivalviaPectinoidaAnomiidae
 Aequipecten opercularis14068723SMolluscaBivalviaPectinoidaPectinidae
 Palliolum striatum14070923SMolluscaBivalviaPectinoidaPectinidae
 Palliolum tigerinum14071023SMolluscaBivalviaPectinoidaPectinidae
Pectinidae21323SMolluscaBivalviaPectinoidaPectinidae
 Arctica islandica13880222SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaArcticidae
Acanthocardia13773222SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaCardiidae
 Acanthocardia aculeata13899022SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaCardiidae
 Acanthocardia echinata13899222SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaCardiidae
 Acanthocardia paucicostata13899322SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaCardiidae
Cardiidae22922SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaCardiidae
 Cerastoderma edule13899822SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaCardiidae
 Laevicardium crassum13900422SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaCardiidae
 Parvicardium exiguum13900822SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaCardiidae
 Parvicardium minimum13901022SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaCardiidae
 Parvicardium scabrum13901222SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaCardiidae
 Donax vittatus13960422SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaDonacidae
 Kelliella miliaris15239642BMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaKelliellidae
 Vesicomya abyssicola46433342BMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaKelliellidae
 Hemilepton nitidum24614822SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaLasaeidae
 Lepton squamosum14021822SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaLasaeidae
 Lutraria lutraria14029522SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaMactridae
Mactra13815822SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaMactridae
 Mactra stultorum14029922SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaMactridae
Spisula13815922SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaMactridae
 Spisula elliptica14030022SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaMactridae
 Spisula solida14030122SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaMactridae
 Spisula subtruncata14030222SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaMactridae
 Devonia perrieri14036522SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaMontacutidae
 Epilepton clarkiae14036622SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaMontacutidae
 Kurtiella bidentata34528122SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaMontacutidae
 Montacuta phascolionis14037422SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaMontacutidae
 Montacuta substriata14037722SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaMontacutidae
 Tellimya ferruginosa14695222SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaMontacutidae
 Tellimya tenella15239722SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaMontacutidae
Gari13838822SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaPsammobiidae
 Gari costulata14086822SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaPsammobiidae
 Gari depressa14086922SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaPsammobiidae
 Gari fervensis14087022SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaPsammobiidae
 Gari tellinella14087322SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaPsammobiidae
Abra13847422SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaSemelidae
 Abra alba14143322SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaSemelidae
 Abra nitida14143522SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaSemelidae
 Abra prismatica14143622SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaSemelidae
 Azorinus chamasolen14154122SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaSolecurtidae
 Solecurtus scopula14154322SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaSolecurtidae
Angulus14649122SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaTellinidae
 Angulus fabula15282922SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaTellinidae
 Angulus incarnatus59411422SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaTellinidae
 Angulus pygmaeus15282822SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaTellinidae
 Angulus tenuis14649222SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaTellinidae
 Arcopagia crassa14157722SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaTellinidae
 Macoma balthica14157922SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaTellinidae
 Moerella donacina14702122SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaTellinidae
 Peronaea planata60593422SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaTellinidae
 Tellina distorta14158522SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaTellinidae
 Tellina nitida14158922SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaTellinidae
 Turtonia minuta14187522SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaTurtoniidae
 Chamelea gallina14190722SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaVeneridae
 Chamelea striatula14190822SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaVeneridae
 Clausinella fasciata14190922SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaVeneridae
Dosinia13863622SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaVeneridae
 Dosinia exoleta14191122SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaVeneridae
 Dosinia lupinus14191222SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaVeneridae
 Gouldia minima14191622SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaVeneridae
 Mysia undata14072822SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaVeneridae
 Petricolaria pholadiformis15696122SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaVeneridae
 Polititapes virgineus50787722SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaVeneridae
 Timoclea ovata14192922SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaVeneridae
 Venerupis corrugata18136422SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaVeneridae
 Venerupis corrugata18136422SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaVeneridae
 Venus casina14193422SMolluscaBivalviaVeneroidaVeneridae
 Chaetoderma nitidulum13910622SMolluscaCaudofoveataChaetodermatidaChaetodermatidae
Caudofoveata15136522SMolluscaCaudofoveata
 Odostomia scalaris14101443BMolluscaGastropodaPyramidellidae
 Gibbula cineraria14178213EMolluscaGastropodaTrochidae
 Bittium reticulatum13905424SMolluscaGastropoda[unassigned] CaenogastropodaCerithiidae
 Epitonium turtonis13973822SMolluscaGastropoda[unassigned] CaenogastropodaEpitoniidae
 Eulima bilineata56694043BMolluscaGastropoda[unassigned] CaenogastropodaEulimidae
 Eulima glabra13980543BMolluscaGastropoda[unassigned] CaenogastropodaEulimidae
Eulimidae13543BMolluscaGastropoda[unassigned] CaenogastropodaEulimidae
 Vitreolina philippi13990343BMolluscaGastropoda[unassigned] CaenogastropodaEulimidae
 Turritella communis14187243BMolluscaGastropoda[unassigned] CaenogastropodaTurritellidae
 Hedylopsis spiculifera14008543BMolluscaGastropodaAcochlidiaceaHedylopsidae
 Akera bullata13873423SMolluscaGastropodaAnaspideaAkeridae
 Cylichna alba13947423SMolluscaGastropodaCephalaspideaCylichnidae
 Cylichna cylindracea13947623SMolluscaGastropodaCephalaspideaCylichnidae
Philine13833923SMolluscaGastropodaCephalaspideaPhilinidae
 Philine aperta14074423SMolluscaGastropodaCephalaspideaPhilinidae
 Philine scabra14076123SMolluscaGastropodaCephalaspideaPhilinidae
Retusa13843223SMolluscaGastropodaCephalaspideaRetusidae
 Retusa truncatula14113823SMolluscaGastropodaCephalaspideaRetusidae
 Roxania utriculus13948623SMolluscaGastropodaCephalaspideaScaphandridae
 Scaphander lignarius13948823SMolluscaGastropodaCephalaspideaScaphandridae
 Aporrhais pespelecani13876023SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaAporrhaidae
 Caecum glabrum13895212EMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaCaecidae
 Crepidula fornicata13896311EMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaCalyptraeidae
 Galeodea echinophora13902314EMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaCassidae
Hydrobiidae12023SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaHydrobiidae
Ceratia13808223SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaIravadiidae
 Ceratia proxima14012823SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaIravadiidae
 Hyala vitrea14012923SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaIravadiidae
 Euspira pulchella14053923SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaNaticidae
 Lunatia catena15059023SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaNaticidae
 Lunatia montagui15063923SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaNaticidae
Naticidae14523SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaNaticidae
Alvania13843923SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaRissoidae
 Alvania cancellata14116523SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaRissoidae
 Alvania cimicoides14116823SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaRissoidae
 Alvania subsoluta14124723SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaRissoidae
 Alvania testae14125123SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaRissoidae
Rissoa13845623SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaRissoidae
 Rissoa parva14136523SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaRissoidae
 Lamellaria latens14017223SMolluscaGastropodaLittorinimorphaVelutinidae
 Buccinum undatum13887824SMolluscaGastropodaNeogastropodaBuccinidae
 Neptunea antiqua13892024SMolluscaGastropodaNeogastropodaBuccinidae
 Mangelia attenuata13926524SMolluscaGastropodaNeogastropodaConidae
 Raphitoma linearis13937124SMolluscaGastropodaNeogastropodaConidae
 Nassarius incrassatus14050323SMolluscaGastropodaNeogastropodaNassariidae
 Nassarius reticulatus14051323SMolluscaGastropodaNeogastropodaNassariidae
Onchidoris13828811SMolluscaGastropodaNudibranchiaOnchidorididae
Cuthona13854312EMolluscaGastropodaNudibranchiaTergipedidae
 Acteon tornatilis13869123SMolluscaGastropodaActeonidae
Turbonilla13842122SMolluscaGastropodaPyramidellidae
 Turbonilla acuta14105222SMolluscaGastropodaPyramidellidae
 Turbonilla crenata14105722SMolluscaGastropodaPyramidellidae
Rissoella14417323SMolluscaGastropodaRissoellidae
 Rissoella diaphana14114723SMolluscaGastropodaRissoellidae
 Rissoella opalina14114923SMolluscaGastropodaRissoellidae
 Lepidochitona (Lepidochitona) cinerea14014312EMolluscaPolyplacophoraChitonidaTonicellidae
 Leptochiton asellus14019912EMolluscaPolyplacophoraLepidopleuridaLeptochitonidae
 Antalis entalis15053432UCMolluscaScaphopodaDentaliidaDentaliidae
 Antalis vulgaris19638032UC/DCMolluscaScaphopodaDentaliidaDentaliidae
 Entalina tetragona13969122SMolluscaScaphopodaGadilidaEntalinidae
Nematoda79922SNematoda
Cerebratulus12234843BNemerteaAnoplaCerebratulidae
Lineidae12231443BNemerteaAnoplaCerebratulidae
Nemertea15239143BNemertea
Tubularia60094711EOchrophytaBacillariophyceae
Phoronida178921SPhoronidaPhoronidae
Phoronis12854521SPhoronida
 Phoronis muelleri12854921SPhoronida
 Phoronis pallida12855121SPhoronida
Turbellaria79422SPlatyhelminthesTurbellaria
Platyhelminthes79322SPlatyhelminthes
 Pachymatisma johnstonia13405711EPoriferaDemospongiaeAstrophoridaGeodiidae
Golfingia13602143BSipunculaSipunculideaGolfingiidaGolfingiidae
 Golfingia (Golfingia) elongata17502643BSipunculaSipunculideaGolfingiidaGolfingiidae
 Golfingia (Golfingia) iniqua13604243BSipunculaSipunculideaGolfingiidaGolfingiidae
 Golfingia (Golfingia) vulgaris vulgaris41072443BSipunculaSipunculideaGolfingiidaGolfingiidae
 Nephasoma (Nephasoma) minutum13606043BSipunculaSipunculideaGolfingiidaGolfingiidae
 Thysanocardia procera13606343BSipunculaSipunculideaGolfingiidaGolfingiidae
Onchnesoma13602443BSipunculaSipunculideaGolfingiidaPhascolionidae
 Onchnesoma magnibathum13606443BSipunculaSipunculideaGolfingiidaPhascolionidae
 Onchnesoma steenstrupii steenstrupii41074222SSipunculaSipunculideaGolfingiidaPhascolionidae
 Phascolion (Phascolion) strombus strombus41074922SSipunculaSipunculideaGolfingiidaPhascolionidae
Sipunculidea129643BSipunculaSipunculidea
 Sipuncula126843BSipunculida
 Aspidosiphon (Aspidosiphon) muelleri muelleri41071743B
Ericthonius10156721S
 Goneplax rhomboides10729244B
Isaeidae10138823S
Melitidae10139722S

M scores: 1 for organisms that live in fixed tubes; 2 indicates limited movement; 3 indicates slow, free movement through the sediment matrix; 4 indicates free movement, that is, via burrow system. R scores: 1 for epifauna; 2 for surficial modifiers; 3 for upward and downward conveyors; 4 for biodiffusors; and 5 for regenerators. Reworking types (Ft): “S” for surficial modifiers; “B” for biodiffusors; “UC” and “DC” for upward and downward conveyors; and “R” for regenerators”.

Bioturbation potential allocations for 1033 macrofaunal species. M and R are the reworking and mobility traits, and Ft is the corresponding sediment reworking functional types. M scores: 1 for organisms that live in fixed tubes; 2 indicates limited movement; 3 indicates slow, free movement through the sediment matrix; 4 indicates free movement, that is, via burrow system. R scores: 1 for epifauna; 2 for surficial modifiers; 3 for upward and downward conveyors; 4 for biodiffusors; and 5 for regenerators. Reworking types (Ft): “S” for surficial modifiers; “B” for biodiffusors; “UC” and “DC” for upward and downward conveyors; and “R” for regenerators”.

Discussion

As with any functional classification that on which BPc is calculated relies on three main assumptions. Understanding these assumptions, and the need to correct for them where information is available, is key steps in the adequate use of BPc as a metric: If body size is constant, the BPc of a species/taxon (BP) is transferable across space and time. BPc accounts for two “fixed” traits (R and M) that are assumed to be directly related to life-history traits and activity levels of each species, that are not altered by context or spatiotemporal variation. Where information to the contrary is available about the alteration of species behavior in response to external stimuli, context-specific adjustments to reworking and mobility trait scores should be made accordingly: for example, thermal stress (Ouellette et al. 2004; Przeslawski et al. 2009); habitat structure (Godbold et al. 2011); ocean acidification (Godbold and Solan 2013); or presence of a predator (Maire et al. 2010). For instance, sediment type has been observed to be influential when determining the classification of a particular species into one of two specific functional groups (Needham et al. 2011), but this has not been documented for the vast majority of bioturbators. Incorporation of this type of information could be achieved using more sophisticated routines, such as fuzzy coding, to capture the influence of intraspecific variability in reworking and mobility traits (Maire et al. 2007; Bremner 2008; Godbold et al. 2011) across known sources of variation (habitat, season, food availability, etc.). The paucity of such information present for the majority of marine species (Tyler et al. 2012) is a source of concern and will be needed to project potential changes in BPc under future policy or environmental scenarios. Typical body size is a “flexible” trait in the metric, which will vary in response to environmental variation, seasonality, stress, and disturbance (Queirós et al. 2006; Macdonald et al. 2012). BPc captures this information through changes in the biomass/abundance ratio on which typical body size is calculated. An organism's reworking (R) and mobility (M) modes remain the same across the life span of each individual. Thus far, variation in burrowing behavior across life stages has been poorly documented in the literature. However, in some species, juveniles and adults are known to exhibit different burial behavior, which can also be modified during reproductive stages (Aguzzi and Sardà 2007; Schwalb and Pusch 2009). If such changes in behavior are known to occur, different trait scores should be attributed as appropriate to different genders or life stages. Where no species level information exists, taxa are assumed to have a similar bioturbation mode to others, which are closely related taxonomically. The paucity of information on many bioturbators (Teal et al. 2008) necessitates matching some species with the closest possible species or taxonomic group (e.g., genus or family). Regardless of whether taxonomic relatedness is a good indicator of the ecological characteristics of a species (Bevilacqua et al. 2012), the table presented here does not account for changes in taxonomic classification over time. Such changes in taxonomy could alter an organism's taxonomic relatedness to other taxa and therefore its assumed bioturbation classification. For example, Alitta virens (Sars 1835) and Hediste diversicolor (Müller 1776) may have been classified as being functionally similar, as both these species were formerly classified under the genus Nereis (Linnaeus 1758). Recent changes to their taxonomic classification now better reflect fundamental differences in bioturbation modes (i.e., gallery diffusor and conveyor, respectively, François et al. 2002). Nevertheless, in the absence of specific information, we consider it likely that genetically and physically similar taxa are likely to be functionally similar. As BPc is a biomass-weighted sum of traits from many species, we consider it unlikely that small changes to trait assignments of individual species would greatly influence large-scale assessments. The current structure of the table reflects the taxonomic classification of the species at the time of analysis and will need updating as taxonomic inventories are refined. Accepting the limitations imposed by the assumptions underpinning BPc, the classification list we have assembled will facilitate the calculation of BPc across most temperate coast and shelf benthic environments in the North Atlantic. This aspects makes a strong case for a wider implementation of BPc as a standardized indicator: the ability to build on existing data (abundance and biomass) to fill gaps about bioturbation patterns where direct assessments are not, or cannot, been routinely carried out. Further efforts will need to take place for other regions of the world or particular circumstances. There is also tremendous potential for application to historical datasets, to estimate bioturbation rates in the past, providing insight into how this process has helped to shape sedimentary ecosystems over time (Solan et al. 2008). Finally, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) now requires an integrated understanding and management of regional scale patterns of marine ecosystem functioning, based on the use of inexpensive, rapid indicators. Few functional indicators currently exist for European waters, and initial tests of the suitability and applicability of BPc suggest that it holds promise as a tool for informing management and policy (Van Hoey et al. 2010; Birchenough et al. 2012).
  14 in total

Review 1.  The impact of climate change on the world's marine ecosystems.

Authors:  Ove Hoegh-Guldberg; John F Bruno
Journal:  Science       Date:  2010-06-18       Impact factor: 47.728

2.  Extinction and ecosystem function in the marine benthos.

Authors:  Martin Solan; Bradley J Cardinale; Amy L Downing; Katharina A M Engelhardt; Jennifer L Ruesink; Diane S Srivastava
Journal:  Science       Date:  2004-11-12       Impact factor: 47.728

3.  Differential effects of microorganism-invertebrate interactions on benthic nitrogen cycling.

Authors:  William W Gilbertson; Martin Solan; James I Prosser
Journal:  FEMS Microbiol Ecol       Date:  2012-05-15       Impact factor: 4.194

4.  A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems.

Authors:  Benjamin S Halpern; Shaun Walbridge; Kimberly A Selkoe; Carrie V Kappel; Fiorenza Micheli; Caterina D'Agrosa; John F Bruno; Kenneth S Casey; Colin Ebert; Helen E Fox; Rod Fujita; Dennis Heinemann; Hunter S Lenihan; Elizabeth M P Madin; Matthew T Perry; Elizabeth R Selig; Mark Spalding; Robert Steneck; Reg Watson
Journal:  Science       Date:  2008-02-15       Impact factor: 47.728

5.  Long-term effects of warming and ocean acidification are modified by seasonal variation in species responses and environmental conditions.

Authors:  Jasmin A Godbold; Martin Solan
Journal:  Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci       Date:  2013-08-26       Impact factor: 6.237

6.  Habitat structure mediates biodiversity effects on ecosystem properties.

Authors:  J A Godbold; M T Bulling; M Solan
Journal:  Proc Biol Sci       Date:  2011-01-12       Impact factor: 5.349

7.  Imaging oxygen distribution in marine sediments. The importance of bioturbation and sediment heterogeneity.

Authors:  L Pischedda; J C Poggiale; P Cuny; F Gilbert
Journal:  Acta Biotheor       Date:  2008-02-05       Impact factor: 1.774

8.  Impact of polychaetes (Nereis spp. and Arenicola marina) on carbon biogeochemistry in coastal marine sediments.

Authors:  E Kristensen
Journal:  Geochem Trans       Date:  2001-10-30       Impact factor: 4.737

9.  Consequences of increasing hypoxic disturbance on benthic communities and ecosystem functioning.

Authors:  Anna Villnäs; Joanna Norkko; Kaarina Lukkari; Judi Hewitt; Alf Norkko
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2012-10-16       Impact factor: 3.240

10.  Organism-sediment interactions govern post-hypoxia recovery of ecosystem functioning.

Authors:  Carl Van Colen; Francesca Rossi; Francesc Montserrat; Maria G I Andersson; Britta Gribsholt; Peter M J Herman; Steven Degraer; Magda Vincx; Tom Ysebaert; Jack J Middelburg
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2012-11-21       Impact factor: 3.240
View more
  23 in total

1.  Effect of physical sediments reworking on hydrocarbon degradation and bacterial community structure in marine coastal sediments.

Authors:  Robert Duran; Patricia Bonin; Ronan Jezequel; Karine Dubosc; Claire Gassie; Fanny Terrisse; Justine Abella; Christine Cagnon; Cecile Militon; Valérie Michotey; Franck Gilbert; Philippe Cuny; Cristiana Cravo-Laureau
Journal:  Environ Sci Pollut Res Int       Date:  2015-04-07       Impact factor: 4.223

2.  Can intensive fish farming for 20 years induce changes in benthic ecosystems on a scale of waterbody? An assessment from Cephalonia bay (Ionian Sea).

Authors:  Irini Tsikopoulou; Manos L Moraitis; Manolis Tsapakis; Ioannis Karakassis
Journal:  Environ Monit Assess       Date:  2018-07-17       Impact factor: 2.513

3.  Impact of raking and bioturbation-mediated ecological manipulation on sediment-water phosphorus diagenesis: a mesocosm study supported with radioactive signature.

Authors:  Jayanta K Biswas; Saumen Hazra; Jayjit Majumdar; Sushil K Mandal; Sabry M Shaheen; Santosh K Sarkar; Ralph Meissner; Erik Meers; Jörg Rinklebe
Journal:  Environ Geochem Health       Date:  2017-03-31       Impact factor: 4.609

4.  Biological traits of marine benthic invertebrates in Northwest Europe.

Authors:  David S Clare; Stefan G Bolam; Paul S O McIlwaine; Clement Garcia; Joanna M Murray; Jacqueline D Eggleton
Journal:  Sci Data       Date:  2022-06-15       Impact factor: 8.501

5.  Biological traits approaches in benthic marine ecology: Dead ends and new paths.

Authors:  Silvia de Juan; Julie Bremner; Judi Hewitt; Anna Törnroos; Maria Cristina Mangano; Simon Thrush; Hilmar Hinz
Journal:  Ecol Evol       Date:  2022-06-03       Impact factor: 3.167

6.  Biological and ecological traits of marine species.

Authors:  Mark John Costello; Simon Claus; Stefanie Dekeyzer; Leen Vandepitte; Éamonn Ó Tuama; Dan Lear; Harvey Tyler-Walters
Journal:  PeerJ       Date:  2015-08-18       Impact factor: 2.984

7.  The Link between Microbial Diversity and Nitrogen Cycling in Marine Sediments Is Modulated by Macrofaunal Bioturbation.

Authors:  Maryam Yazdani Foshtomi; Ulrike Braeckman; Sofie Derycke; Melanie Sapp; Dirk Van Gansbeke; Koen Sabbe; Anne Willems; Magda Vincx; Jan Vanaverbeke
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2015-06-23       Impact factor: 3.240

8.  Empirical evidence reveals seasonally dependent reduction in nitrification in coastal sediments subjected to near future ocean acidification.

Authors:  Ulrike Braeckman; Carl Van Colen; Katja Guilini; Dirk Van Gansbeke; Karline Soetaert; Magda Vincx; Jan Vanaverbeke
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2014-10-16       Impact factor: 3.240

9.  The combined influence of body size and density on cohesive sediment resuspension by bioturbators.

Authors:  Francesco Cozzoli; Tjeerd J Bouma; Pauline Ottolander; Maria Salvador Lluch; Tom Ysebaert; Peter M J Herman
Journal:  Sci Rep       Date:  2018-03-01       Impact factor: 4.379

10.  Benthic estuarine communities' contribution to bioturbation under the experimental effect of marine heatwaves.

Authors:  M Dolbeth; O Babe; D A Costa; A P Mucha; P G Cardoso; F Arenas
Journal:  Sci Rep       Date:  2021-06-01       Impact factor: 4.379
View more

北京卡尤迪生物科技股份有限公司 © 2022-2023.