Nikos Makris1, Lichen Liang2, Joseph Biederman3, Eve M Valera3, Ariel B Brown3, Carter Petty3, Thomas J Spencer3, Stephen V Faraone4, Larry J Seidman5. 1. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA nikos@cma.mgh.harvard.edu. 2. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 4. SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. 5. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the neural correlates of adult ADHD in treatment-naïve participants, an approach necessary for identifying neural substrates unconfounded by medication effects. METHOD: The sample consisted of 24 medication-naïve adults with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) diagnosed ADHD and 24 healthy controls, comparable on age, sex, handedness, reading achievement, IQ, and psychiatric comorbidity. All participants were assessed with structured diagnostic interviews. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based regional voxel-based morphometry (r-VBM) was used to assess volumetric differences in a priori defined brain regions of interest. RESULTS: VBM analysis revealed group differences in the hypothesized cortical and subcortical areas; however, only cerebellar volume reductions in ADHD retained significance (p < .05) after corrections for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION: These results support the notion that medication-naïve ADHD as expressed in adulthood, manifests subtle brain volume reductions from normal in the cerebellum, and possibly in other syndrome-congruent gray-matter structures. Larger samples are required to confirm these findings.
OBJECTIVE: We assessed the neural correlates of adult ADHD in treatment-naïve participants, an approach necessary for identifying neural substrates unconfounded by medication effects. METHOD: The sample consisted of 24 medication-naïve adults with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) diagnosed ADHD and 24 healthy controls, comparable on age, sex, handedness, reading achievement, IQ, and psychiatric comorbidity. All participants were assessed with structured diagnostic interviews. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based regional voxel-based morphometry (r-VBM) was used to assess volumetric differences in a priori defined brain regions of interest. RESULTS: VBM analysis revealed group differences in the hypothesized cortical and subcortical areas; however, only cerebellar volume reductions in ADHD retained significance (p < .05) after corrections for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION: These results support the notion that medication-naïve ADHD as expressed in adulthood, manifests subtle brain volume reductions from normal in the cerebellum, and possibly in other syndrome-congruent gray-matter structures. Larger samples are required to confirm these findings.
Authors: Stephen M Smith; Mark Jenkinson; Mark W Woolrich; Christian F Beckmann; Timothy E J Behrens; Heidi Johansen-Berg; Peter R Bannister; Marilena De Luca; Ivana Drobnjak; David E Flitney; Rami K Niazy; James Saunders; John Vickers; Yongyue Zhang; Nicola De Stefano; J Michael Brady; Paul M Matthews Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2004 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: P C Berquin; J N Giedd; L K Jacobsen; S D Hamburger; A L Krain; J L Rapoport; F X Castellanos Journal: Neurology Date: 1998-04 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Nikos Makris; John E Schlerf; Steven M Hodge; Christian Haselgrove; Matthew D Albaugh; Larry J Seidman; Scott L Rauch; Gordon Harris; Joseph Biederman; Verne S Caviness; David N Kennedy; Jeremy D Schmahmann Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2005-05-01 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: Nora D Volkow; Gene-Jack Wang; Jeffrey Newcorn; Joanna S Fowler; Frank Telang; Mary V Solanto; Jean Logan; Christopher Wong; Yeming Ma; James M Swanson; Kurt Schulz; Kith Pradhan Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2006-11-27 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: Tiffany M Chaim; Tianhao Zhang; Marcus V Zanetti; Maria Aparecida da Silva; Mário R Louzã; Jimit Doshi; Mauricio H Serpa; Fabio L S Duran; Sheila C Caetano; Christos Davatzikos; Geraldo F Busatto Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-10-13 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Deirdre M McCarthy; Lin Zhang; Bradley J Wilkes; David E Vaillancourt; Joseph Biederman; Pradeep G Bhide Journal: Pharmacol Biochem Behav Date: 2022-02-14 Impact factor: 3.697
Authors: Janita Bralten; Corina U Greven; Barbara Franke; Maarten Mennes; Marcel P Zwiers; Nanda N J Rommelse; Catharina Hartman; Dennis van der Meer; Laurence O'Dwyer; Jaap Oosterlaan; Pieter J Hoekstra; Dirk Heslenfeld; Alejandro Arias-Vasquez; Jan K Buitelaar Journal: J Psychiatry Neurosci Date: 2016-06 Impact factor: 6.186
Authors: Matthew D Albaugh; Catherine Orr; Bader Chaarani; Robert R Althoff; Nicholas Allgaier; Nicholas D'Alberto; Kelsey Hudson; Scott Mackey; Philip A Spechler; Tobias Banaschewski; Rüdiger Brühl; Arun L W Bokde; Uli Bromberg; Christian Büchel; Anna Cattrell; Patricia J Conrod; Sylvane Desrivières; Herta Flor; Vincent Frouin; Jürgen Gallinat; Robert Goodman; Penny Gowland; Yvonne Grimmer; Andreas Heinz; Viola Kappel; Jean-Luc Martinot; Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot; Frauke Nees; Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos; Jani Penttila; Luise Poustka; Tomáš Paus; Michael N Smolka; Maren Struve; Henrik Walter; Robert Whelan; Gunter Schumann; Hugh Garavan; Alexandra S Potter Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2017-01-13 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: Michael J Hove; Thomas A Zeffiro; Joseph Biederman; Zhi Li; Jeremy Schmahmann; Eve M Valera Journal: Neuroimage Clin Date: 2015-05-21 Impact factor: 4.881