Katherine A James1, Jaymie R Meliker. 1. Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Mail Stop F443, 13991 E Montview Ave Aurora, Denver, CO, 80045, USA, Kathy.james@ucdenver.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To review the published literature investigating the association between cadmium exposure and osteoporosis. METHODS: A review of published peer-reviewed literature based on a priori criteria was completed. Odds ratios (OR) were abstracted or estimated from observational studies to calculate a pooled OR using inverse variance weighted random effects models. RESULTS: The review identified seven studies with a pooled OR of OR = 2.22 (95 % CI: 1.16, 4.28) [I (2) = 54.8 % (p < 0.05)] (comparing highest urine cadmium category to lowest). In women over the age of 50 years, the pooled OR was 1.82 (95 % CI: 1.63, 2.02) [I (2) = 73.1 % (p < 0.05)]. A dose response evaluation (six studies) suggested increasing odds for osteoporosis with increasing urine cadmium levels. CONCLUSIONS: This review detected an association between cadmium exposure and the occurrence of osteoporosis in a small number of cross-sectional studies which requires confirmation in using prospective study design.
OBJECTIVES: To review the published literature investigating the association between cadmium exposure and osteoporosis. METHODS: A review of published peer-reviewed literature based on a priori criteria was completed. Odds ratios (OR) were abstracted or estimated from observational studies to calculate a pooled OR using inverse variance weighted random effects models. RESULTS: The review identified seven studies with a pooled OR of OR = 2.22 (95 % CI: 1.16, 4.28) [I (2) = 54.8 % (p < 0.05)] (comparing highest urine cadmium category to lowest). In women over the age of 50 years, the pooled OR was 1.82 (95 % CI: 1.63, 2.02) [I (2) = 73.1 % (p < 0.05)]. A dose response evaluation (six studies) suggested increasing odds for osteoporosis with increasing urine cadmium levels. CONCLUSIONS: This review detected an association between cadmium exposure and the occurrence of osteoporosis in a small number of cross-sectional studies which requires confirmation in using prospective study design.
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