Bernd Rolauffs1, Bodo Kurz2, Tino Felka3, Miriam Rothdiener3, Tatiana Uynuk-Ool3, Matthias Aurich4, Eliot Frank5, Christian Bahrs3, Andreas Badke3, Ulrich Stöckle3, Wilhelm K Aicher6, Alan J Grodzinsky5. 1. Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02319, USA. Electronic address: berndrolauffs@googlemail.com. 2. Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4226, Australia; Anatomical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24098 Kiel, Germany. 3. Siegfried Weller Institute for Trauma Research, BG Trauma Clinic, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany. 4. Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Elblandklinikum Riesa, 01589 Riesa, Germany. 5. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02319, USA. 6. Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University, 72072 Tuebingen, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Trauma-associated cartilage fractures occur in children and adolescents with clinically significant incidence. Several studies investigated biomechanical injury by compressive forces but the injury-related stress has not been investigated extensively. In this study, we hypothesized that the biomechanical stress occurring during compressive injury predetermines the biomechanical, biochemical, and structural consequences. We specifically investigated whether the stress-vs-time signal correlated with the injurious damage and may allow prediction of cartilage matrix fracturing. METHODS: Superficial and deeper zones disks (SZDs, DZDs; immature bovine cartilage) were biomechanically characterized, injured (50% compression, 100%/s strain-rate), and re-characterized. Correlations of the quantified functional, biochemical and histological damage with biomechanical parameters were zonally investigated. RESULTS: Injured SZDs exhibited decreased dynamic stiffness (by 93.04±1.72%), unresolvable equilibrium moduli, structural damage (2.0±0.5 on a 5-point-damage-scale), and 1.78-fold increased sGAG loss. DZDs remained intact. Measured stress-vs-time-curves during injury displayed 4 distinct shapes, which correlated with histological damage (p<0.001), loss of dynamic stiffness and sGAG (p<0.05). Damage prediction in a blinded experiment using stress-vs-time grades was 100%-correct and sensitive to differentiate single/complex matrix disruptions. Correlations of the dissipated energy and maximum stress rise with the extent of biomechanical and biochemical damage reached significance when SZDs and DZDs were analyzed as zonal composites but not separately. CONCLUSIONS: The biomechanical stress that occurs during compressive injury predetermines the biomechanical, biochemical, and structural consequences and, thus, the structural and functional damage during cartilage fracturing. A novel biomechanical method based on the interpretation of compressive yielding allows the accurate prediction of the extent of structural damage.
OBJECTIVE:Trauma-associated cartilage fractures occur in children and adolescents with clinically significant incidence. Several studies investigated biomechanical injury by compressive forces but the injury-related stress has not been investigated extensively. In this study, we hypothesized that the biomechanical stress occurring during compressive injury predetermines the biomechanical, biochemical, and structural consequences. We specifically investigated whether the stress-vs-time signal correlated with the injurious damage and may allow prediction of cartilage matrix fracturing. METHODS: Superficial and deeper zones disks (SZDs, DZDs; immature bovinecartilage) were biomechanically characterized, injured (50% compression, 100%/s strain-rate), and re-characterized. Correlations of the quantified functional, biochemical and histological damage with biomechanical parameters were zonally investigated. RESULTS: Injured SZDs exhibited decreased dynamic stiffness (by 93.04±1.72%), unresolvable equilibrium moduli, structural damage (2.0±0.5 on a 5-point-damage-scale), and 1.78-fold increased sGAG loss. DZDs remained intact. Measured stress-vs-time-curves during injury displayed 4 distinct shapes, which correlated with histological damage (p<0.001), loss of dynamic stiffness and sGAG (p<0.05). Damage prediction in a blinded experiment using stress-vs-time grades was 100%-correct and sensitive to differentiate single/complex matrix disruptions. Correlations of the dissipated energy and maximum stress rise with the extent of biomechanical and biochemical damage reached significance when SZDs and DZDs were analyzed as zonal composites but not separately. CONCLUSIONS: The biomechanical stress that occurs during compressive injury predetermines the biomechanical, biochemical, and structural consequences and, thus, the structural and functional damage during cartilage fracturing. A novel biomechanical method based on the interpretation of compressive yielding allows the accurate prediction of the extent of structural damage.
Authors: Simon Macmull; Michael T R Parratt; George Bentley; John A Skinner; Richard W J Carrington; Tim Morris; Tim W R Briggs Journal: Am J Sports Med Date: 2011-04-29 Impact factor: 6.202
Authors: Henning Madry; Susanne Grässel; Ulrich Nöth; Borna Relja; Anke Bernstein; Denitsa Docheva; Max Daniel Kauther; Jan Christoph Katthagen; Rainer Bader; Martijn van Griensven; Dieter C Wirtz; Michael J Raschke; Markus Huber-Lang Journal: Eur J Med Res Date: 2021-06-14 Impact factor: 2.175
Authors: Jan-Tobias Weitkamp; Bernd Rolauffs; Moritz Feldheim; Andreas Bayer; Sebastian Lippross; Matthias Weuster; Ralf Smeets; Hendrik Naujokat; Alan Jay Grodzinsky; Bodo Kurz; Peter Behrendt Journal: Int J Mol Sci Date: 2021-12-07 Impact factor: 5.923