Infants' detection and discrimination of sounds in modulated maskers.

Adults and 7-month-old infants were compared in detection and discrimination of sounds in modulated maskers. In two experiments, the level of a target sound was varied to equate listeners' performance in unmodulated noise, and performance was assessed at that level in a noise modulated with the envelope of single-talker speech. While adults' vowel discrimination and tone detection were better in the modulated than in the unmodulated masker, infants' vowel discrimination was poorer in the modulated than in the unmodulated masker. Infants' tone detection was the same in the two maskers. In two additional experiments, each age group was tested at one level with order of testing in modulated and unmodulated maskers counterbalanced across subjects. Both infants and adults discriminated between vowels better in single-talker modulated and sinusoidally amplitude modulated (SAM) maskers than in an unmodulated masker, but infants' modulated-unmodulated difference was smaller than than that of adults. Increasing the modulation depth of the SAM masker did not affect the size of infants' modulated-unmodulated difference. However, infants' asymptotic performance in a modulated masker limits the extent to which their performance could improve. Infants can make use of information in masker dips, but masker modulation may also interfere with their ability to process the target.