RATIONALE: Psychostimulant sensitization heightens behavioral and motivational responses to reward-associated stimuli; however, its effects on stimuli associated with reward absence are less understood. OBJECTIVES: We examined whether amphetamine sensitization alters performance during Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) to conditioned excitors and inhibitors. We further sought to characterize the effects of amphetamine sensitization on learning versus performance by exposing rats to amphetamine prior to Pavlovian training or between training and test. METHODS: Adult male Long-Evans rats were given conditioned inhibition (A+/AX-) and Pavlovian (B+) training, followed by variable-interval instrumental conditioning. Rats were sensitized to D-amphetamine (2 mg/kg daily injections for 7 days) or served as non-exposed controls. Rats were given a PIT test, in which they were presented with stimulus B alone or in compound with the conditioned inhibitor (BX). RESULTS: During the PIT test, control rats significantly reduced instrumental responding on BX trials (to approximately 50 % of responding to B). Amphetamine sensitization prior to Pavlovian conditioning increased lever pressing on BX trials and reduced lever pressing on B trials compared to controls. Amphetamine sensitization between training and test increased lever pressing on B and BX trials compared to controls. No effects of sensitization were observed on conditioned food cup approach. CONCLUSIONS: Amphetamine sensitization increases instrumental responding during PIT to a conditioned inhibitor by enhancing the excitation of conditioned stimuli and reducing the inhibition of conditioned inhibitors.
RATIONALE: Psychostimulant sensitization heightens behavioral and motivational responses to reward-associated stimuli; however, its effects on stimuli associated with reward absence are less understood. OBJECTIVES: We examined whether amphetamine sensitization alters performance during Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) to conditioned excitors and inhibitors. We further sought to characterize the effects of amphetamine sensitization on learning versus performance by exposing rats to amphetamine prior to Pavlovian training or between training and test. METHODS: Adult male Long-Evans rats were given conditioned inhibition (A+/AX-) and Pavlovian (B+) training, followed by variable-interval instrumental conditioning. Rats were sensitized to D-amphetamine (2 mg/kg daily injections for 7 days) or served as non-exposed controls. Rats were given a PIT test, in which they were presented with stimulus B alone or in compound with the conditioned inhibitor (BX). RESULTS: During the PIT test, control rats significantly reduced instrumental responding on BX trials (to approximately 50 % of responding to B). Amphetamine sensitization prior to Pavlovian conditioning increased lever pressing on BX trials and reduced lever pressing on B trials compared to controls. Amphetamine sensitization between training and test increased lever pressing on B and BX trials compared to controls. No effects of sensitization were observed on conditioned food cup approach. CONCLUSIONS:Amphetamine sensitization increases instrumental responding during PIT to a conditioned inhibitor by enhancing the excitation of conditioned stimuli and reducing the inhibition of conditioned inhibitors.
Authors: C Sommer; M Garbusow; E Jünger; S Pooseh; N Bernhardt; J Birkenstock; D J Schad; B Jabs; T Glöckler; Q M Huys; A Heinz; M N Smolka; U S Zimmermann Journal: Transl Psychiatry Date: 2017-08-01 Impact factor: 6.222