BACKGROUND: Large cohort studies have reported no relationship between dietary fat and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), although a low-fat diet intervention reduced NMSC risk in a small clinical trial. In animal studies, skin tumor development has been reduced by low-fat diet. We evaluated the effect of a low-fat dietary pattern on NMSC and melanoma in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification trial. METHODS:Postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years (n = 48,835) were randomly assigned to the low-fat dietary pattern intervention (n = 19,541) or comparison group (n = 29,294). The intervention goals included decreasing fat intake to 20% or less of calories, increasing vegetable and fruit intake, and increasing grain intake. Self-reported incident NMSC (n = 4,907) and physician-adjudicated incident melanoma (n = 279) were ascertained every 6 months. RESULTS: Over 8.1 years of follow-up, the low-fat diet intervention did not affect overall incidence of NMSC [HR 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.92-1.04] or melanoma (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.82-1.32). In subgroup analyses of melanoma risk, baseline fat intake interacted significantly with group assignment (Pinteraction = 0.006). Among women with higher baseline fat intake, the dietary intervention significantly increased risk (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.06-2.07), whereas, among women with lower baseline fat intake, the intervention tended to reduce melanoma risk (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.50-1.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this large randomized trial, a low-fat dietary pattern did not affect overall incidence of NMSC or melanoma. IMPACT: A low-fat diet does not reduce incidence of NMSC, but an interaction between baseline fat intake and dietary intervention on melanoma risk warrants further investigation.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Large cohort studies have reported no relationship between dietary fat and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), although a low-fat diet intervention reduced NMSC risk in a small clinical trial. In animal studies, skin tumor development has been reduced by low-fat diet. We evaluated the effect of a low-fat dietary pattern on NMSC and melanoma in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification trial. METHODS: Postmenopausal women aged 50 to 79 years (n = 48,835) were randomly assigned to the low-fat dietary pattern intervention (n = 19,541) or comparison group (n = 29,294). The intervention goals included decreasing fat intake to 20% or less of calories, increasing vegetable and fruit intake, and increasing grain intake. Self-reported incident NMSC (n = 4,907) and physician-adjudicated incident melanoma (n = 279) were ascertained every 6 months. RESULTS: Over 8.1 years of follow-up, the low-fat diet intervention did not affect overall incidence of NMSC [HR 0.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.92-1.04] or melanoma (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.82-1.32). In subgroup analyses of melanoma risk, baseline fat intake interacted significantly with group assignment (Pinteraction = 0.006). Among women with higher baseline fat intake, the dietary intervention significantly increased risk (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.06-2.07), whereas, among women with lower baseline fat intake, the intervention tended to reduce melanoma risk (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.50-1.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this large randomized trial, a low-fat dietary pattern did not affect overall incidence of NMSC or melanoma. IMPACT: A low-fat diet does not reduce incidence of NMSC, but an interaction between baseline fat intake and dietary intervention on melanoma risk warrants further investigation.
Authors: Jennifer Hays; Julie R Hunt; F Allan Hubbell; Garnet L Anderson; Marian Limacher; Catherine Allen; Jacques E Rossouw Journal: Ann Epidemiol Date: 2003-10 Impact factor: 3.797
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Authors: Garnet L Anderson; Marian Limacher; Annlouise R Assaf; Tamsen Bassford; Shirley A A Beresford; Henry Black; Denise Bonds; Robert Brunner; Robert Brzyski; Bette Caan; Rowan Chlebowski; David Curb; Margery Gass; Jennifer Hays; Gerardo Heiss; Susan Hendrix; Barbara V Howard; Judith Hsia; Allan Hubbell; Rebecca Jackson; Karen C Johnson; Howard Judd; Jane Morley Kotchen; Lewis Kuller; Andrea Z LaCroix; Dorothy Lane; Robert D Langer; Norman Lasser; Cora E Lewis; JoAnn Manson; Karen Margolis; Judith Ockene; Mary Jo O'Sullivan; Lawrence Phillips; Ross L Prentice; Cheryl Ritenbaugh; John Robbins; Jacques E Rossouw; Gloria Sarto; Marcia L Stefanick; Linda Van Horn; Jean Wactawski-Wende; Robert Wallace; Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller Journal: JAMA Date: 2004-04-14 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Amy E Millen; Margaret A Tucker; Patricia Hartge; Allan Halpern; David E Elder; DuPont Guerry; Elizabeth A Holly; Richard W Sagebiel; Nancy Potischman Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2004-06 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Laura A Smith; Ciara H O'Flanagan; Laura W Bowers; Emma H Allott; Stephen D Hursting Journal: J Acad Nutr Diet Date: 2018-04 Impact factor: 4.910
Authors: Rowan T Chlebowski; Garnet L Anderson; JoAnn E Manson; Ross L Prentice; Aaron K Aragaki; Linda Snetselaar; Shirley A A Beresford; Lewis H Kuller; Karen Johnson; Dorothy Lane; Juhua Luo; Thomas E Rohan; Li Jiao; Ana Barac; Catherine Womack; Mace Coday; Mridul Datta; Cynthia A Thomson Journal: JNCI Cancer Spectr Date: 2019-01-07