Carlotta Malagoli1, Marcella Malavolti1, Claudia Agnoli2, Catherine M Crespi3, Chiara Fiorentini4, Francesca Farnetani4, Caterina Longo4, Cinzia Ricci5, Giuseppe Albertini5, Anna Lanzoni6, Leonardo Veneziano6, Annarosa Virgili7, Calogero Pagliarello8, Marcello Santini8, Pier Alessandro Fanti9, Emi Dika9, Sabina Sieri2, Vittorio Krogh2, Giovanni Pellacani4, Marco Vinceti10. 1. Center for Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 2. Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy; 3. Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; 4. Dermatologic Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; 5. Dermatologic Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Reggio Emilia, Italy; 6. Dermatologic Unit, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy; 7. Dermatologic Unit, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; 8. Dermatologic Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; and. 9. Dermatologic Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. 10. Center for Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Diagnostic, Clinical, and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; marco.vinceti@unimore.it.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Some results from laboratory and epidemiologic studies suggest that diet may influence the risk of melanoma, but convincing evidence for a role of single nutrients or food items is lacking. Diet quality, which considers the combined effect of multiple food items, may be superior for examining this relation. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess whether diet quality, evaluated with the use of 4 different dietary indexes, is associated with melanoma risk. METHODS: In this population-based case-control study, we analyzed the relation between 4 diet quality indexes, the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index, Greek Mediterranean Index (GMI), and Italian Mediterranean Index (IMI), and melanoma risk in a northern Italian community, with the use of data from 380 cases and 719 matched controls who completed a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: In the overall sample, we found an inverse association between disease risk and the HEI-2010 and DASH index, but not the Mediterranean indexes, adjusting for potential confounders (skin phototype, body mass index, energy intake, sunburn history, skin sun reaction, and education). However, in sex stratified analyses, the association appeared only in women (P-trend: 0.10 and 0.04 for the HEI-2010 and DASH index, respectively). The inverse relations were stronger in women younger than age 50 y than in older women, for whom the GMI and IMI scores also showed an inverse association with disease risk (P-trend: 0.05 and 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that diet quality may play a role in cutaneous melanoma etiology among women.
BACKGROUND: Some results from laboratory and epidemiologic studies suggest that diet may influence the risk of melanoma, but convincing evidence for a role of single nutrients or food items is lacking. Diet quality, which considers the combined effect of multiple food items, may be superior for examining this relation. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess whether diet quality, evaluated with the use of 4 different dietary indexes, is associated with melanoma risk. METHODS: In this population-based case-control study, we analyzed the relation between 4 diet quality indexes, the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) index, Greek Mediterranean Index (GMI), and Italian Mediterranean Index (IMI), and melanoma risk in a northern Italian community, with the use of data from 380 cases and 719 matched controls who completed a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: In the overall sample, we found an inverse association between disease risk and the HEI-2010 and DASH index, but not the Mediterranean indexes, adjusting for potential confounders (skin phototype, body mass index, energy intake, sunburn history, skin sun reaction, and education). However, in sex stratified analyses, the association appeared only in women (P-trend: 0.10 and 0.04 for the HEI-2010 and DASH index, respectively). The inverse relations were stronger in women younger than age 50 y than in older women, for whom the GMI and IMI scores also showed an inverse association with disease risk (P-trend: 0.05 and 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that diet quality may play a role in cutaneous melanoma etiology among women.
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